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Serotonin transporter gene alters insula activity to threat in social anxiety disorder.

ABSTRACT: Amygdala and insula hyper-reactivity to threat is implicated in social anxiety disorder (SAD) yet inconsistencies in activation have been reported. One source of variance are individual differences in 5-HTTLPR genotype where the short (S), relative to long (L) allele, corresponds with greater amygdala activation. However, the impact of genotype on insula to threat in SAD is not known. During functional MRI, 34 SAD patients and 28 healthy controls completed a perceptual assessment task comprising angry, fear, and happy faces. Results showed no diagnostic group differences in limbic/paralimbic regions but within SAD, greater insula, but not amygdala, activation to fearful faces was observed in patients with SS genotype compared with LaLa genotype. Findings indicate genotype influenced insula activation to threat in SAD.

SUBMITTER: Klumpp H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4371777 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Serotonin transporter gene alters insula activity to threat in social anxiety disorder.

Klumpp Heide H Fitzgerald Daniel A DA Cook Edwin E Shankman Stewart A SA Angstadt Mike M Phan K Luan KL

Neuroreport 20140801 12

Amygdala and insula hyper-reactivity to threat is implicated in social anxiety disorder (SAD) yet inconsistencies in activation have been reported. One source of variance are individual differences in 5-HTTLPR genotype where the short (S), relative to long (L) allele, corresponds with greater amygdala activation. However, the impact of genotype on insula to threat in SAD is not known. During functional MRI, 34 SAD patients and 28 healthy controls completed a perceptual assessment task comprising ...[more]

PMID: 25003950

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Project description:ContextSocial anxiety disorder is thought to involve emotional hyperreactivity, cognitive distortions, and ineffective emotion regulation. While the neural bases of emotional reactivity to social stimuli have been described, the neural bases of emotional reactivity and cognitive regulation during social and physical threat, and their relationship to social anxiety symptom severity, have yet to be investigated.ObjectiveTo investigate behavioral and neural correlates of emotional reactivity and cognitive regulation in patients and controls during processing of social and physical threat stimuli.DesignParticipants were trained to implement cognitive-linguistic regulation of emotional reactivity induced by social (harsh facial expressions) and physical (violent scenes) threat while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging and providing behavioral ratings of negative emotion experience.SettingAcademic psychology department.ParticipantsFifteen adults with social anxiety disorder and 17 demographically matched healthy controls.Main outcome measuresBlood oxygen level-dependent signal and negative emotion ratings.ResultsBehaviorally, patients reported greater negative emotion than controls during social and physical threat but showed equivalent reduction in negative emotion following cognitive regulation. Neurally, viewing social threat resulted in greater emotion-related neural responses in patients than controls, with social anxiety symptom severity related to activity in a network of emotion- and attention-processing regions in patients only. Viewing physical threat produced no between-group differences. Regulation during social threat resulted in greater cognitive and attention regulation-related brain activation in controls compared with patients. Regulation during physical threat produced greater cognitive control-related response (ie, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) in patients compared with controls.ConclusionsCompared with controls, patients demonstrated exaggerated negative emotion reactivity and reduced cognitive regulation-related neural activation, specifically for social threat stimuli. These findings help to elucidate potential neural mechanisms of emotion regulation that might serve as biomarkers for interventions for social anxiety disorder.

Dataset Information

Serotonin transporter gene alters insula activity to threat in social anxiety disorder.

Publications

Serotonin transporter gene alters insula activity to threat in social anxiety disorder.

Similar Datasets

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