Cutaneous Melanoma in Women.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Roh MR
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4380274 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Cutaneous Melanoma in Women.
Roh Mi Ryung MR Eliades Philip P Gupta Sameer S Tsao Hensin H
International journal of women's dermatology 20150201 1
The incidence of cutaneous melanoma (CM) continues to increase in the Caucasian population in the United States. In 2014, women only accounted for 42% of the 76,100 new melanoma cases and only 33% of the 9,710 deaths associated with CM in the US.<sup>1</sup> These trends are consistently observed in populations around the world. Indeed, gender disparity in melanoma outcome is so consistently observed that gender has been suggested as an important prognostic factor in melanoma, despite not being ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:BackgroundGender disparity in melanoma outcome is consistently observed, suggesting that gender is as an important prognostic factor. However, the source of this gender disparity in melanoma remains unclear.ObjectiveThis article reviews advances in our understanding of gender differences in melanoma and how such differences may contribute to outcomes.MethodsA broad literature search was conducted using the PubMed database, with search terms such as 'gender differences in melanoma' and 'sex differences in melanoma.' Additional articles were identified from cited references.ResultsHerein, we address the gender-linked physiologic differences in skin and melanoma. We discuss the influence of estrogen on a woman's risk for melanoma and melanoma outcomes with regard to pregnancy, oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, and UV tanning.ConclusionsThe published findings on gender disparities in melanoma have yielded many advances in our understanding of this disease. Biological, environmental, and behavioral factors may explain the observed gender difference in melanoma incidence and outcome. Further research will enable us to learn more about melanoma pathogenesis, with the goal of offering better treatments and preventative advice to our patients.
| S-EPMC5419022 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Until recently, treatment options for patients with metastatic melanoma were very limited. This landscape has evolved dramatically since the discovery of activating mutations in the BRAF gene in ~45% of cutaneous melanomas. Vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and trametinib have all received regulatory approval for the treatment of metastatic melanoma patients with a BRAFV600 mutation. Based on the necessity to document the presence of a BRAFV600 mutation to prescribe these agents, molecular testing is now the standard of care in this disease. However, the options and rationale for testing are evolving rapidly due to an improved understanding of the molecular drivers and heterogeneity of melanoma. Such testing may identify rational combinatorial approaches to prevent or overcome resistance for the approved BRAF inhibitors. In addition, new clinical strategies have been identified for a number of other molecular changes that are detected in this disease, including somatic changes in NRAS, PTEN, CDKN2A, and c-KIT, among others. This review summarizes the current understanding of the genetic landscape of mutations in melanoma, their associations with clinicopathological features, and their implications for clinical testing and treatment.
| S-EPMC4306428 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We describe the landscape of genomic alterations in cutaneous melanomas through DNA, RNA, and protein-based analysis of 333 primary and/or metastatic melanomas from 331 patients. We establish a framework for genomic classification into one of four subtypes based on the pattern of the most prevalent significantly mutated genes: mutant BRAF, mutant RAS, mutant NF1, and Triple-WT (wild-type). Integrative analysis reveals enrichment of KIT mutations and focal amplifications and complex structural rearrangements as a feature of the Triple-WT subtype. We found no significant outcome correlation with genomic classification, but samples assigned a transcriptomic subclass enriched for immune gene expression associated with lymphocyte infiltrate on pathology review and high LCK protein expression, a T cell marker, were associated with improved patient survival. This clinicopathological and multi-dimensional analysis suggests that the prognosis of melanoma patients with regional metastases is influenced by tumor stroma immunobiology, offering insights to further personalize therapeutic decision-making.
| S-EPMC4580370 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To date, the skin remains the most common cancer site among Caucasians in the western world. The complex, layered structure of human skin harbors a heterogenous population of specialized cells. Each cell type residing in the skin potentially gives rise to a variety of cancers, including non-melanoma skin cancer, sarcoma, and cutaneous melanoma. Cutaneous melanoma is known to exacerbate and metastasize if not detected at an early stage, with mutant melanomas tending to acquire treatment resistance over time. The intricacy of melanoma thus necessitates diverse and patient-centered targeted treatment options. In addition to classical treatment through surgical intervention and radio- or chemotherapy, several systemic and intratumoral immunomodulators, pharmacological agents (e.g., targeted therapies), and oncolytic viruses are trialed or have been recently approved. Moreover, utilizing combinations of immune checkpoint blockade with targeted, oncolytic, or anti-angiogenic approaches for patients with advanced disease progression are promising approaches currently under pre-clinical and clinical investigation. In this review, we summarize the current 'state-of-the-art' as well as discuss emerging agents and regimens in cutaneous melanoma treatment.
| S-EPMC8123429 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cutaneous melanoma is associated with strong prognostic phenotypic features, such as gender, Breslow's thickness and ulceration, although the biological significance of these variables is largely unknown. It is likely that these features are surrogates of important biological events rather than directly promoting cutaneous melanoma progression. In this article, we address the molecular mechanisms that drive these phenotypic changes. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive overview of recurrent genetic abnormalities, both germline and somatic, in relation to cutaneous melanoma subtypes, ultraviolet exposure and anatomical localization, as well as pre-existing and targeted therapy-induced mutations that may contribute to resistance. The increasing knowledge of critically important oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes is promoting a transition in melanoma diagnosis, in which single-gene testing will be replaced by multiplex and multidimensional analyses that combine classical histopathological characteristics with the molecular profile for the prognostication and selection of melanoma therapy.
| S-EPMC6094595 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A novel human protoparvovirus related to human bufavirus and preliminarily named cutavirus has been discovered. We detected cutavirus in a sample of cutaneous malignant melanoma by using viral enrichment and high-throughput sequencing. The role of cutaviruses in cutaneous cancers remains to be investigated.
| S-EPMC5324802 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Tumor microenvironment is a network of complex cellular and molecular systems where cells will gain specific phenotypes and specific functions that would drive tumorigenesis. In skin cancers, tumor microenvironment is characterized by tumor infiltrating immune cells that sustain immune suppression, mainly lymphocytes. Melanoma cellular heterogeneity can be described on genetic, proteomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic levels. Melanoma cells display a metabolic reprogramming triggered by both genetic alterations and adaptation to a microenvironment that lacks nutrients and oxygen supply. Tumor cells present clear metabolic adaptations and identifying deregulated glycolysis pathway could offer new therapy targets. Moreover, the immune cells (T lymphocytes, macrophages, NK cells, neutrophils and so on) that infiltrate melanoma tumors have metabolic particularities that, upon interaction within tumor microenvironment, would favor tumorigenesis. Analyzing both tumor cell metabolism and the metabolic outline of immune cells can offer innovative insights in new therapy targets and cancer therapeutical approaches. In addition to already approved immune- and targeted therapy in melanoma, approaching metabolic check-points could improve therapy efficacy and hinder resistance to therapy.
| S-EPMC7248353 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Radiation therapy is used infrequently for cutaneous melanoma, despite research suggesting benefit in certain clinical scenarios. This review presents data forming the highest level of evidence supporting the use of radiation therapy. Retrospective and prospective studies demonstrate radiation therapy for primary tumors is associated with high control rates. Two randomized trials have found improvements in regional control with adjuvant radiotherapy to regional lymphatics. Retrospective and prospective studies demonstrate radiation therapy is associated with palliative response and metastatic tumor control. Optimal care of melanoma patients involves radiation therapy; awareness of this is incumbent of clinicians caring for patients with this disease.
| S-EPMC4667364 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCutaneous melanoma survivors are at increased risk of a second primary melanoma. Valid estimates facilitate counseling on recommended surveillance after a melanoma diagnosis. However, most estimates of 5- and 10-year incidences of second melanomas are from older cohorts and/or single institutions. This study aimed to determine the 5- and 10-year incidences of second primary cutaneous melanomas in survivors of cutaneous melanoma.MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify cases of non-metastatic, first cutaneous melanoma diagnosed between 1998 and 2012 (follow-up through December 2017). Eligible survivors were 18 years old or older who underwent surgery as a treatment component. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate 5- and 10-year incidences of a second melanoma, excluding new diagnoses within 3 months after the initial diagnosis. Patients were censored at second melanoma diagnosis, death, or 10-years, whichever was first. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with a second cutaneous melanoma diagnosis.ResultsThe study cohort comprised 152,811 patients. The incidence of second primary melanoma was 3.9% at 5 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8-4.0%) and 6.7% at 10 years (95% CI, 6.6-6.9%). Older age, male sex, and regional disease were associated with increased risk of a second primary melanoma diagnosis.ConclusionMelanoma survivors are at risk of a second primary melanoma, making routine skin surveillance part of recommended follow-up evaluation. A higher incidence of second melanoma with older age and regional disease at presentation is possibly explained by increased health care use providing more diagnostic opportunities, whereas male sex may represent an inherent risk factor.
| S-EPMC11898002 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDifferentiating melanoma metastasis from benign cutaneous lesions currently requires biopsy or costly imaging, such as positron emission tomography scans. Melanoma metastases have been observed to be subjectively warmer than similarly appearing benign lesions. We hypothesized that infrared (IR) thermography would be sensitive and specific in differentiating palpable melanoma metastases from benign lesions.Materials and methodsSeventy-four patients (36 females and 38 males) had 251 palpable lesions imaged for this pilot study. Diagnosis was determined using pathologic confirmation or clinical diagnosis. Lesions were divided into size strata for analysis: 0-5, >5-15, >15-30, and >30 mm. Images were scored on a scale from -1 (colder than the surrounding tissue) to +3 (significantly hotter than the surrounding tissue). Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each stratum. Logistical challenges were scored.ResultsIR imaging was able to determine the malignancy of small (0-5 mm) lesions with a sensitivity of 39% and specificity of 100%. For lesions >5-15 mm, sensitivity was 58% and specificity 98%. For lesions >15-30 mm, sensitivity was 95% and specificity 100%, and for lesions >30 mm, sensitivity was 78% and specificity 89%. The positive predictive value was 88%-100% across all strata, and the negative predictive value was 95% for >15-30 mm lesions and 80% for >30 mm lesions.ConclusionsMalignant lesions >15 mm were differentiated from benign lesions with excellent sensitivity and specificity. IR imaging was well tolerated and feasible in a clinic setting. This pilot study shows promise in the use of thermography for the diagnosis of malignant melanoma with further potential as a noninvasive tool to follow tumor responses to systemic therapies.
| S-EPMC4426199 | biostudies-literature