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Improved cognitive performance following aerobic exercise training in people with traumatic brain injury.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:To examine cognitive function in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) prior to and after participation in an aerobic exercise training program. DESIGN:Pre-post intervention study. SETTING:Medical research center. PARTICIPANTS:Volunteer sample of individuals (N=7) (age, 33.3±7.9y) with chronic nonpenetrating TBI (injury severity: 3=mild, 4=moderate; time since most current injury: 4.0±5.5y) who were ambulatory. INTERVENTION:Twelve weeks of supervised vigorous aerobic exercise training performed 3 times a week for 30 minutes on a treadmill. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Cognitive function was assessed using the Trail Making Test Part A (TMT-A), Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B), and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Sleep quality and depression were measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Beck Depression Inventory, version 2 (BDI-II). Indices of cardiorespiratory fitness were used to examine the relation between improvements in cognitive function and cardiorespiratory fitness. RESULTS:After training, improvements in cognitive function were observed with greater scores on the TMT-A (10.3±6.8; P=.007), TMT-B (9.6±7.0; P=.011), and RBANS total scale (13.3±9.3; P=.009). No changes were observed in measures of the PSQI and BDI-II. The magnitude of cognitive improvements was also strongly related to the gains in cardiorespiratory fitness. CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that vigorous aerobic exercise training may improve specific aspects of cognitive function in individuals with TBI and cardiorespiratory fitness gains may be a determinant of these improvements.

SUBMITTER: Chin LM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4380661 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Improved cognitive performance following aerobic exercise training in people with traumatic brain injury.

Chin Lisa M LM Keyser Randall Eugene RE Dsurney John J Chan Leighton L

Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 20141126 4

<h4>Objective</h4>To examine cognitive function in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) prior to and after participation in an aerobic exercise training program.<h4>Design</h4>Pre-post intervention study.<h4>Setting</h4>Medical research center.<h4>Participants</h4>Volunteer sample of individuals (N=7) (age, 33.3±7.9y) with chronic nonpenetrating TBI (injury severity: 3=mild, 4=moderate; time since most current injury: 4.0±5.5y) who were ambulatory.<h4>Intervention</h4>Twelve weeks of su ...[more]

PMID: 25433219

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Project description:This randomized, controlled study on patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis was based on three hypotheses: patients display impaired endurance due to reduced aerobic capacity and muscle weakness, endurance training improves their exercise performance by increasing the aerobic capacity, and endurance training has general beneficial effects on their health status.In the first part of this study, we compared 23 patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis with 12 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. A subgroup of patients were randomized to perform a 12-week endurance training program (exercise group, n = 9) or to a non-exercising control group (n = 6). We measured maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and the associated power output during a progressive cycling test. Endurance was assessed as the cycling time to exhaustion at 65% of VO2 max. Lactate levels in the vastus lateralis muscle were measured with microdialysis. Mitochondrial function was assessed by measuring citrate synthase (CS) and ?-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (?-HAD) activities in muscle biopsies. Clinical improvement was assessed according to the International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies Group (IMACS) improvement criteria. All assessors were blinded to the type of intervention (that is, training or control).Exercise performance and aerobic capacity were lower in patients than in healthy controls, whereas lactate levels at exhaustion were similar. Patients in the exercise group increased their cycling time, aerobic capacity and CS and ?-HAD activities, whereas lactate levels at exhaustion decreased. Six of nine patients in the exercise group met the IMACS improvement criteria. Patients in the control group did not show any consistent changes during the 12-week study.Polymyositis and dermatomyositis patients have impaired endurance, which could be improved by 12 weeks of endurance training. The clinical improvement corresponds to increases in aerobic capacity and muscle mitochondrial enzyme activities. The results emphasize the importance of endurance exercise in addition to immunosuppressive treatment of patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01184625.

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Improved cognitive performance following aerobic exercise training in people with traumatic brain injury.

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Improved cognitive performance following aerobic exercise training in people with traumatic brain injury.

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