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Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on Mood in People With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Exercise training is associated with elevations in mood in patients with various chronic illnesses and disabilities. However, little is known regarding the effect of exercise training on short and long-term mood changes in those with traumatic brain injury (TBI). OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to examine the time course of mood alterations in response to a vigorous, 12-week aerobic exercise training regimen in ambulatory individuals with chronic TBI (>6 months postinjury). METHODS:Short and long-term mood changes were measured using the Profile of Mood States-Short Form, before and after specific aerobic exercise bouts performed during the 12-week training regimen. RESULTS:Ten subjects with nonpenetrating TBI (6.6 ± 6.8 years after injury) completed the training regimen. A significant improvement in overall mood was observed following 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training (P = .04), with moderate to large effect sizes observed for short-term mood improvements following individual bouts of exercise. CONCLUSIONS:Specific improvements in long-term mood state and short-term mood responses following individual exercise sessions were observed in these individuals with TBI. The largest improvement in overall mood was observed at 12 weeks of exercise training, with improvements emerging as early as 4 weeks into the training regimen.

SUBMITTER: Weinstein AA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5339064 | biostudies-literature | 2017 May/Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on Mood in People With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study.

Weinstein Ali A AA Chin Lisa M K LMK Collins John J Goel Divya D Keyser Randall E RE Chan Leighton L

The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation 20170501 3

<h4>Background</h4>Exercise training is associated with elevations in mood in patients with various chronic illnesses and disabilities. However, little is known regarding the effect of exercise training on short and long-term mood changes in those with traumatic brain injury (TBI).<h4>Objective</h4>The purpose of this study was to examine the time course of mood alterations in response to a vigorous, 12-week aerobic exercise training regimen in ambulatory individuals with chronic TBI (>6 months ...[more]

PMID: 27603762

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Project description:OBJECTIVE:To describe the methodology and report primary outcomes of an exploratory randomized clinical trial (RCT) of aerobic training for management of prolonged symptoms after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in adolescents. SETTING:Outpatient research setting. PARTICIPANTS:Thirty adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 years who sustained a mTBI and had between 4 and 16 weeks of persistent symptoms. DESIGN:Partially blinded, pilot RCT of subsymptom exacerbation aerobic training compared with a full-body stretching program. MAIN MEASURES:The primary outcome was postinjury symptom improvement assessed by the adolescent's self-reported Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI) repeated for at least 6 weeks of the intervention. Parent-reported PCSI and adherence are also described. RESULTS:Twenty-two percent of eligible participants enrolled in the trial. Repeated-measures analysis of variance via mixed-models analysis demonstrated a significant group × time interaction with self-reported PCSI ratings, indicating a greater rate of improvement in the subsymptom exacerbation aerobic training group than in the full-body stretching group (F = 4.11, P = .044). Adherence to the home exercise programs was lower in the subsymptom exacerbation aerobic training group compared with the full-body stretching group (mean [SD] times per week = 4.42 [1.95] vs 5.85 [1.37], P < .0001) over the duration of the study. CONCLUSION:Findings from this exploratory RCT suggest subsymptom exacerbation aerobic training is potentially beneficial for adolescents with persistent symptoms after an mTBI. These findings and other recent research support the potential benefit of active rehabilitation programs for adolescents with persistent symptoms after an mTBI. Larger replication studies are needed to verify findings and improve generalizability. Future work should focus on determining the optimal type, timing, and intensity of active rehabilitation programs and characteristics of individuals most likely to benefit.

Project description:Objective: To report secondary neurocognitive and quality of life outcomes for a pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT) of aerobic training for management of prolonged symptoms after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in adolescents. Setting: Outpatient research setting. Participants: Thirty adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 years who sustained a mTBI and had between 4 and 16 weeks of persistent post-concussive symptoms. Design: Secondary outcome analysis of a partially masked RCT of sub-symptom exacerbation aerobic training compared with a full-body stretching program highlighting cognitive and quality of life outcomes. Main Measures: The secondary outcomes assessed included neurocognitive changes in fluid and crystallized age-adjusted cognition using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) toolbox and self and parent-reported total quality of life using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Results: Twenty-two percent of eligible participants enrolled in the trial. General linear models did not reveal statistically significant differences between groups. Within group analyses using paired t-tests demonstrated improvement in age-adjusted fluid cognition [t (13) = 3.39, p = 0.005, Cohen's d = 0.61] and crystallized cognition [t (13) = 2.63, p = 0.02, Cohen's d = 0.70] within the aerobic training group but no significant improvement within the stretching group. Paired t-tests demonstrated significant improvement in both self-reported and parent-reported total quality of life measures in the aerobic training group [self-report t (13) = 3.51, p = 0.004, Cohen's d = 0.94; parent-report t (13) = 6.5, p < 0.0001, Cohen's d = 1.80] and the stretching group [self-report t (14) = 4.20, p = 0.0009, Cohen's d = 1.08; parent-report t (14) = 4.06, p = 0.0012, Cohen's d = 1.045]. Conclusion: Quality of life improved significantly in both the aerobic exercise and stretching groups; however, this study suggests that only sub-symptom exacerbation aerobic training was potentially beneficial for neurocognitive recovery, particularly the fluid cognition subset in the NIH Toolbox. Limited sample size and variation in outcomes measures limited ability to detect between group differences. Future research should focus on developing larger studies to determine optimal timing post-injury and intensity of active rehabilitation to facilitate neurocognitive recovery and improve quality of life after mTBI. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02035579.

Dataset Information

Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on Mood in People With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study.

Publications

Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on Mood in People With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study.

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