Dataset Information

Association of guideline-based antimicrobial therapy and outcomes in healthcare-associated pneumonia.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

Guidelines for treatment of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) recommend empirical therapy with broad-spectrum antimicrobials. Our objective was to examine the association between guideline-based therapy (GBT) and outcomes for patients with HCAP.

Patients and methods

We conducted a pharmacoepidemiological cohort study at 346 US hospitals. We included adults hospitalized between July 2007 and June 2010 for HCAP, defined as patients admitted from a nursing home, with end-stage renal disease or immunosuppression, or discharged from a hospital in the previous 90 days. Outcome measures included in-hospital mortality, length of stay and costs.

Results

Of 85?097 patients at 346 hospitals, 31?949 (37.5%) received GBT (one agent against MRSA and at least one against Pseudomonas). Compared with patients who received non-GBT, those who received GBT had a heavier burden of chronic disease and more severe pneumonia. GBT was associated with higher mortality (17.1% versus 7.7%, P?ConclusionsAmong patients who met HCAP criteria, GBT was not associated with lower adjusted mortality, length of stay or costs in any analyses. Better criteria are needed to identify patients at risk for MDR infections who might benefit from broad-spectrum antimicrobial coverage.

SUBMITTER: Rothberg MB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4398467 | biostudies-literature | 2015 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Association of guideline-based antimicrobial therapy and outcomes in healthcare-associated pneumonia.

Rothberg Michael B MB Zilberberg Marya D MD Pekow Penelope S PS Priya Aruna A Haessler Sarah S Belforti Raquel R Skiest Daniel D Lagu Tara T Higgins Thomas L TL Lindenauer Peter K PK

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 20150103 5

<h4>Objectives</h4>Guidelines for treatment of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) recommend empirical therapy with broad-spectrum antimicrobials. Our objective was to examine the association between guideline-based therapy (GBT) and outcomes for patients with HCAP.<h4>Patients and methods</h4>We conducted a pharmacoepidemiological cohort study at 346 US hospitals. We included adults hospitalized between July 2007 and June 2010 for HCAP, defined as patients admitted from a nursing home, with ...[more]

PMID: 25558075

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Project description:Guidelines recommend administration of antibiotics with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for treatment of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). It is unclear if this therapy improves outcomes for patients with HCAP.To determine if administration of guideline-similar therapy (GST) was associated with a reduction in 30-day mortality for HCAP.Multi-center retrospective study.Thirteen hundred and eleven admissions for HCAP in six Veterans Affairs Medical Centers.Each admission was classified as receiving GST, anti-MRSA or anti-pseudomonal components of GST, or other non-HCAP therapy initiated within 48 hours of hospitalization. Association between 30-day mortality and GST was estimated with a logistic regression model that included GST, propensity to receive GST, probability of recovering an organism from culture resistant to antibiotics traditionally used to treat community-acquired pneumonia (CAP-resistance), and a GST by CAP-resistance probability interaction.Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals [OR (95% CI)] of 30-day mortality for patients treated with GST and predicted probability of recovering a CAP-resistant organism, and ratio of odds ratios [ROR (95% CI)] for treatment by CAP-resistance probability interaction.Receipt of GST was associated with increased odds of 30-day mortality [OR = 2.11 (1.11, 4.04), P = 0.02)] as was the predicted probability of recovering a CAP-resistant organism [OR = 1.67 (1.26, 2.20), P < 0.001 for a 25% increase in probability]. An interaction between predicted probability of recovering a CAP-resistant organism and receipt of GST demonstrated lower mortality with GST at high probability of CAP resistance [ROR = 0.71(?1.00) for a 25% increase in probability, P = 0.05].For HCAP patients with high probability of CAP-resistant organisms, GST was associated with lower mortality. Consideration of the magnitude of patient-specific risk for CAP-resistant organisms should be considered when selecting HCAP therapy.

Project description:Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is often performed in critically ill patients with suspected pneumonia. It is assumed that there will be an association with improved outcomes when bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) data lead to a change in antimicrobial therapy. Methods. This study included a retrospective cohort of intensive care unit (ICU) patients who underwent FB for a diagnosis of suspected pneumonia. The study compared the outcome of patients in whom antimicrobial modification was carried out based on BAL reports versus those in whom it was not carried out. Cases where the procedure could not be completed or had incomplete records were excluded. The FB reports were accessed from the register maintained in the Department of Respiratory Medicine. The demographic details, clinical symptoms, laboratory investigations, and microbiological and radiology reports were recorded. Data on the antmicrobial therapy that the patients received during treatment and the outcome of the treatment were obtained from the case records and noted in the data collection form. Results. Data from a total of 150 patients admitted to the ICU, who underwent FB, were analyzed. The outcomes in the group where antimicrobial modification based on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid reports was carried out versus the no-change group were as follows: expired 23, improved 82, unchanged 8 versus expired 12, improved 18, and unchanged 7 (p = 0.018); total duration of ICU stay 13.12 ± 10.61 versus 19.43 ± 13.4 days (p = 0.012); and duration from FB to discharge from ICU 6.33 ± 3.76 days versus 8.46 ± 5.99 (p = 0.047). The median total duration of ICU stay and clinical outcomes were significantly better in the nonintubated patients in whom BAL-directed antimicrobial modification was implemented. Distribution of microorganisms based on BAL reports was as follows: Acinetobacter baumanii 45 (30%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 37 (24.66%), Escherichia coli 9 (6%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9 (6%). Conclusion. A change in antimicrobial therapy based on BAL data was associated with improved outcomes. The commonest bacterial isolate in the BAL fluid was Acinetobacter baumanii.

Dataset Information

Association of guideline-based antimicrobial therapy and outcomes in healthcare-associated pneumonia.

Objectives

Patients and methods

Results

Publications

Association of guideline-based antimicrobial therapy and outcomes in healthcare-associated pneumonia.

Similar Datasets

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