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Novel tail and head group prostamide probes.

ABSTRACT: We report the design and synthesis of novel prostaglandin-ethanolamide (PGE2-EA) analogs containing head and tail group modifications to aid in the characterization of a putative prostamide receptor(s). Our synthetic approach utilizes Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons and Wittig reactions to construct the head and the tail moieties of the key PGE2 precursor, which leads to the final products through a peptide coupling, Swern oxidation and HF/pyridine assisted desilylation. The synthesized analogs were shown not to interact significantly with endocannabinoid proteins and recombinant EP1, EP3 and EP4 receptors and suggest a yet to be identified prostamide receptor as their site(s) of action.

SUBMITTER: Finnegan DF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4405029 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Novel tail and head group prostamide probes.

Finnegan David F DF Shelnut Erin L EL Nikas Spyros P SP Chiang Nan N Serhan Charles N CN Makriyannis Alexandros A

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 20150204 6

We report the design and synthesis of novel prostaglandin-ethanolamide (PGE2-EA) analogs containing head and tail group modifications to aid in the characterization of a putative prostamide receptor(s). Our synthetic approach utilizes Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons and Wittig reactions to construct the head and the tail moieties of the key PGE2 precursor, which leads to the final products through a peptide coupling, Swern oxidation and HF/pyridine assisted desilylation. The synthesized analogs were sho ...[more]

PMID: 25701254

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Project description:Herein, we describe the antifungal evaluation of 43 bisamidine compounds, of which 26 are new, having the scaffold [Am]-[HetAr]-[linker]-[HetAr]-[Am], in which [Am] is a cyclic or acyclic amidine group, [linker] is a benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine ring, or an aliphatic chain of two to four carbon, and [HetAr] is a 5,6-bicyclic heterocycle such as indole, benzimidazole, imidazopyridine, benzofuran, or benzothiophene. In the head-to-head series the two [HetAr] units are oriented such that the 5-membered rings are connected through the linker, and in the head-to-tail series, one of the [HetAr] systems is connected through the 6-membered ring; additionally, in some of the head-to-tail compounds, the [linker] is omitted. Many of these compounds exhibited significant antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, and Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC ⩽ 4 μg/ml). The most potent compounds, for example, P10, P19 and P34, are comparable in antifungal activities to amphotericin B (MIC 0.125 μg/ml). They exhibited rapid fungicidal activity (>3 log10 decrease in cfu/ml in 4h) at concentrations equivalent to 4× the MIC in time kill experiments. The bisamidines strongly inhibited DNA, RNA and cell wall biosynthesis in C. albicans in macromolecular synthesis assays. However, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration for DNA synthesis was approximately 30-fold lower than those for RNA and cell wall biosynthesis. Fluorescence microscopy of intact cells of C. albicans treated with a bisamidine exhibited enhanced fluorescence in the presence of DNA, demonstrating that the bisamidine was localized to the nucleus. The results of this study show that bisamidines are potent antifungal agents with rapid fungicidal activity, which is likely to be the result of their DNA-binding activity. Although it was difficult to obtain a broad-spectrum antifungal compound with low cytotoxicity, some of the compounds (e.g., P9, P14 and P43) exhibited favorable CC50 values against HeLa cells and maintained considerable antifungal activity.

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Novel tail and head group prostamide probes.

Publications

Novel tail and head group prostamide probes.

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