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Early life body fatness and risk of colorectal cancer in u.s. Women and men-results from two large cohort studies.

ABSTRACT: The association between body fatness before adulthood and later risk of colorectal cancer remains unclear. We hypothesized that, independent of adult body fatness, early life body fatness would be associated with a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer.We assessed body fatness during childhood and adolescence using a validated 9-level somatotype and inquired body weight in young adulthood in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We used the Cox proportional hazard regression modeling to estimate relative risks [RR, 95% confidence intervals (CI)] adjusting for adult body mass index (BMI) and other known colorectal cancer risk factors.We identified 2,100 incident colorectal cancer cases (1,292 in women and 808 in men) during 22 years of follow-up. Among women, the RR (95% CI) for childhood body fatness of level 5 or higher versus level 1 was 1.28 (1.04-1.58; Ptrend = 0.08) and for adolescent body fatness, it was 1.27 (1.01-1.60; Ptrend = 0.23). The corresponding RRs for men were 1.04 (0.82-1.31; Ptrend = 0.48) and 0.98 (0.75-1.27; Ptrend = 0.20), respectively. Results were generally similar across anatomic subsites within the colorectum. In addition, the RRs comparing BMI categories ?27.5 to <19 kg/m(2) were 1.44 (1.06-1.95, at age 18; Ptrend = 0.009) for women and 1.18 (0.84-1.65, at age 21; Ptrend = 0.57) for men.Increased body fatness in early life, independent of adult obesity, might be a risk factor for colorectal cancer in women, but we observed a weaker association in men.Our findings support the growing evidence that early life body fatness affects the risk of colorectal cancer many decades later.

SUBMITTER: Zhang X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4412364 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Early life body fatness and risk of colorectal cancer in u.s. Women and men-results from two large cohort studies.

Zhang Xuehong X Wu Kana K Giovannucci Edward L EL Ma Jing J Colditz Graham A GA Fuchs Charles S CS Willett Walter C WC Stampfer Meir J MJ Nimptsch Katharina K Ogino Shuji S Wei Esther K EK

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 20150316 4

<h4>Background</h4>The association between body fatness before adulthood and later risk of colorectal cancer remains unclear. We hypothesized that, independent of adult body fatness, early life body fatness would be associated with a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer.<h4>Methods</h4>We assessed body fatness during childhood and adolescence using a validated 9-level somatotype and inquired body weight in young adulthood in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Stud ...[more]

PMID: 25777804

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Project description:BackgroundAlthough research has found associations between increasing number of children and higher body mass index (BMI), there has been limited research investigating the association with body composition despite abdominal fat being independently associated with cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Most existing research has focussed on women, but investigating the relationship in men can help distinguish biological effects of pregnancy from social pathways related to parenthood.MethodsUsing the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD) multiple regression models were applied to test associations between number of children and body composition at age 60-64 years (N = 2229) and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) at ages 60-64 and 69 years (N = 2149).ResultsIn adjusted models, associations were observed between increasing numbers of children and increasing fat-adjusted lean mass index in women (p = 0.06). Among men, those with children had 0.59kg (95% CI: 0.15 to 1.02) greater lean mass index than those without and fat:lean mass ratio was greater in those with 4+ children because of their slightly higher mean fat mass. Weak evidence of a higher android:gynoid mass ratio among mothers (0.03, 95% CI: 0.00,0.06, p = 0.1) was observed with no associations with fat mass index,android or gynoid fat mass. Increasing parity in women was associated with increasing BMI at 60-64 years and, more strongly, with increasing BMI at 69 years. Associations among men were also observed more clearly with BMI at 69 years.ConclusionThere was little evidence of a consistent association between number of children and body composition in early old age. The strongest associations are observed for lean, rather than fat mass, and in men rather than women, suggesting little evidence of biological effects of pregnancy. The results indicate social pathways associated with parenthood are the likely underlying mechanisms, with suggestion of selection into parenthood among men.

Project description:Elderly people need activities that will positively contribute to a satisfactory process of getting older. Vibration training uses mechanical stimulus of a vibrational character that, similarly to other forms of physical activity, affects metabolic processes and conditions of health. The aim of this work was to assess the influence of thirty vibration treatments on body fatness, hematologic and rheologic indexes of blood, and proteinogram and fibrinogen concentration in elderly men's blood. The study included twenty-one males, aged 60-70 years (mean age 65.3 ± 2.7), who were randomly assigned into a vibrotherapy group (VG) and took part in interventions on mattresses generating oscillatory-cycloid vibrations, and a control group (CG), without interventions. In all patients the following assessments were performed twice: an assessment of body fatness using the bioimpedance method, a complete blood count with a hematology analyzer, and erythrocyte aggregation by a laser-optical rotational cell analyzer; whereas, total plasma protein and fibrinogen values were established, respectively, by biuret and spectrophotometric methods. In order to compare the impact of vibrotherapy on changes in the analyzed variables, analysis of variance (ANOVA) or the Wilcoxon test were used. After applying thirty vibration treatments in the VG, a significant decrease in body fatness parameters was confirmed: BM (∆BM: -2.7 ± 2.0; p = 0.002), BMI (∆BMI: -0.9 ± 0.7; p = 0.002), BF (∆BF: -2.5 ± 2.5; p = 0.013), and %BF (∆%BF: -2.0 ± 2.7; p = 0.041), as well as in RBC (∆RBC: -0.1 ± 0.1; p = 0.035). However, changes in erythrocyte aggregation and proteinogram were not confirmed. It was found that after thirty treatments with VG, a significant decrease of fibrinogen level took place (∆ = -0.3 ± 0.3, p = 0.005). Application of thirty vibrotherapy treatments positively affected body fatness parameters and fibrinogen concentrations in the examined. However, further research should include a greater number of participants.

Dataset Information

Early life body fatness and risk of colorectal cancer in u.s. Women and men-results from two large cohort studies.

Publications

Early life body fatness and risk of colorectal cancer in u.s. Women and men-results from two large cohort studies.

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