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Metrology of confined flows using wide field nanoparticle velocimetry.

ABSTRACT: The manipulation of fluids in micro/nanofabricated systems opens new avenues to engineer the transport of matter at the molecular level. Yet the number of methods for the in situ characterization of fluid flows in shallow channels is limited. Here we establish a simple method called nanoparticle velocimetry distribution analysis (NVDA) that relies on wide field microscopy to measure the flow rate and channel height based on the fitting of particle velocity distributions along and across the flow direction. NVDA is validated by simulations, showing errors in velocity and height determination of less than 1% and 8% respectively, as well as with experiments, in which we monitor the behavior of 200?nm nanoparticles conveyed in channels of ~1.8??m in height. We then show the relevance of this assay for the characterization of flows in bulging channels, and prove its suitability to characterize the concentration of particles across the channel height in the context of visco-elastic focusing. Our method for rapid and quantitative flow characterization has therefore a broad spectrum of applications in micro/nanofluidics, and a strong potential for the optimization of Lab-on-Chips modules in which engineering of confined transport is necessary.

SUBMITTER: Ranchon H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4431396 | biostudies-literature | 2015 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:An experimental set-up is presented for the in vitro characterization of the fluid dynamics in personalized phantoms of healthy and stenosed coronary arteries. The proposed set-up was fine-tuned with the aim of obtaining a compact, flexible, low-cost test-bench for biomedical applications. Technically, velocity vector fields were measured adopting a so-called smart-PIV approach, consisting of a smartphone camera and a low-power continuous laser (30 mW). Experiments were conducted in realistic healthy and stenosed 3D-printed phantoms of left anterior descending coronary artery reconstructed from angiographic images. Time resolved image acquisition was made possible by the combination of the image acquisition frame rate of last generation commercial smartphones and the flow regimes characterizing coronary hemodynamics (velocities in the order of 10 cm/s). Different flow regimes (Reynolds numbers ranging from 20 to 200) were analyzed. The smart-PIV approach was able to provide both qualitative flow visualizations and quantitative results. A comparison between smart-PIV and conventional PIV (i.e., the gold-standard experimental technique for bioflows characterization) measurements showed a good agreement in the measured velocity vector fields for both the healthy and the stenosed coronary phantoms. Displacement errors and uncertainties, estimated by applying the particle disparity method, confirmed the soundness of the proposed smart-PIV approach, as their values fell within the same range for both smart and conventional PIV measured data (≈5% for the normalized estimated displacement error and below 1.2 pixels for displacement uncertainty). In conclusion, smart-PIV represents an easy-to-implement, low-cost methodology for obtaining an adequately robust experimental characterization of cardiovascular flows. The proposed approach, to be intended as a proof of concept, candidates to become an easy-to-handle test bench suitable for use also outside of research labs, e.g., for educational or industrial purposes, or as first-line investigation to direct and guide subsequent conventional PIV measurements.

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Metrology of confined flows using wide field nanoparticle velocimetry.

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