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Tunable porosities and shapes of fullerene-like spheres.

ABSTRACT: The formation of reversible switchable nanostructures monitored by solution and solid-state methods is still a challenge in supramolecular chemistry. By a comprehensive solid state and solution study we demonstrate the potential of the fivefold symmetrical building block of pentaphosphaferrocene in combination with Cu(I) halides to switch between spheres of different porosity and shape. With increasing amount of CuX, the structures of the formed supramolecules change from incomplete to complete spherically shaped fullerene-like assemblies possessing an Ih -C80 topology at one side and to a tetrahedral-structured aggregate at the other. In the solid state, the formed nano-sized aggregates reach an outer diameter of 3.14 and 3.56?nm, respectively. This feature is used to reversibly encapsulate and release guest molecules in solution.

SUBMITTER: Dielmann F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4464546 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Tunable porosities and shapes of fullerene-like spheres.

Dielmann Fabian F Fleischmann Matthias M Heindl Claudia C Peresypkina Eugenia V EV Virovets Alexander V AV Gschwind Ruth M RM Scheer Manfred M

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 20150311 16

The formation of reversible switchable nanostructures monitored by solution and solid-state methods is still a challenge in supramolecular chemistry. By a comprehensive solid state and solution study we demonstrate the potential of the fivefold symmetrical building block of pentaphosphaferrocene in combination with Cu(I) halides to switch between spheres of different porosity and shape. With increasing amount of CuX, the structures of the formed supramolecules change from incomplete to complete ...[more]

PMID: 25759976

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Project description:The energy storage performances of supercapacitors are expected to be enhanced by the use of nanostructured hierarchically micro/mesoporous hollow carbon materials based on their ultra-high specific surface areas and rapid diffusion of electrolyte ions through the interconnected channels of their mesoporous structures. In this work, we report the electrochemical supercapacitance properties of hollow carbon spheres prepared by high-temperature carbonization of self-assembled fullerene-ethylenediamine hollow spheres (FE-HS). FE-HS, having an average external diameter of 290 nm, an internal diameter of 65 nm, and a wall thickness of 225 nm, were prepared by using the dynamic liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation (DLLIP) method at ambient conditions of temperature and pressure. High temperature carbonization (at 700, 900, and 1100 °C) of the FE-HS yielded nanoporous (micro/mesoporous) hollow carbon spheres with large surface areas (612 to 1616 m2 g-1) and large pore volumes (0.925 to 1.346 cm3 g-1) dependent on the temperature applied. The sample obtained by carbonization of FE-HS at 900 °C (FE-HS_900) displayed optimum surface area and exhibited remarkable electrochemical electrical double-layer capacitance properties in aq. 1 M sulfuric acid due to its well-developed porosity, interconnected pore structure, and large surface area. For a three-electrode cell setup, a specific capacitance of 293 F g-1 at a 1 A g-1 current density, which is approximately 4 times greater than the specific capacitance of the starting material, FE-HS. The symmetric supercapacitor cell was assembled using FE-HS_900 and attained 164 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 with sustained 50% capacitance at 10 A g-1 accompanied by 96% cycle life and 98% coulombic efficiency after 10,000 consecutive charge/discharge cycles. The results demonstrate the excellent potential of these fullerene assemblies in the fabrication of nanoporous carbon materials with the extensive surface areas required for high-performance energy storage supercapacitor applications.

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Tunable porosities and shapes of fullerene-like spheres.

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Tunable porosities and shapes of fullerene-like spheres.

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