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Risk stratification and outcomes of women undergoing surgery for ovarian cancer.

ABSTRACT: Cytoreduction for ovarian cancer is associated with substantial morbidity. We examined the outcome of patients undergoing surgery for ovarian cancer to determine if there are sub-groups of patients who may benefit from alternative treatments.The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to identify women who underwent surgery for ovarian cancer from 2005-2012. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of age, race, functional status, ASA class, preoperative albumin and performance of extended cytoreductive procedures on morbidity, mortality and resource utilization.A total of 2870 women were identified. The perioperative complication rate increased from 9.5% in women <50years, to 13.4% in those age 60-69years, and 14.6% in women ?70years (P<0.0001). Similarly, complications rose from 7.3% in those who did not require any extended procedures to 12.9% after 1 procedure, 28.4% for those who had 2, and 30.0% in women who underwent ?3 extended procedures (P<0.0001). In a series of multivariable models, the number of extended cytoreductive procedures performed and preoperative albumin were the factors most consistently associated with morbidity. Using a series of model fit statistics, compared to chance alone, the ability to predict any complication increased by 27.4% when procedure score was analyzed, 22.0% with preoperative albumin, 11% with age, and 4% with functional status.While preoperative clinical and demographic factors may help predict the risk of adverse outcomes for women undergoing surgery for ovarian cancer, performance of extended cytoreductive procedures is the strongest risk factor for complications.

SUBMITTER: Patankar S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4469531 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:PurposeClinical prognostic criteria using preoperative factors were not developed for post-neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) surgery of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We aimed to identify preoperative factors associated with overall survival (OS) in PDAC patients who underwent post-NAT curative-intent surgery and develop risk stratification criteria.Materials and methodsConsecutive PDAC patients who underwent post-NAT curative-intent surgeries between 2007 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic, laboratory, surgical, and histopathologic variables were collected. Baseline, preoperative, and interval changes of computed tomography (CT) findings proposed by the Society of Abdominal Radiology and the American Pancreatic Association were analyzed. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to select preoperative variables associated with OS. We developed risk stratification criteria composed of the significant preoperative variables, i.e., post-NAT response criteria. We compared the discrimination performance of post-NAT response criteria with that of post-NAT pathological (yp) American Joint Cancer Committee TNM staging system.ResultsOne hundred forty-five PDAC patients were included. Stable or increased tumor size on CT (hazard ratio [HR], 2.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58 to 4.21; p < 0.001) and elevated preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) level (HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.11 to 3.55; p=0.021) were independent factors of OS. The OS of the patient groups stratified by post-NAT response criteria which combined changes in tumor size and CA19-9 showed significant difference (p < 0.001). Such stratification was comparable to ypTNM staging in discrimination performance (difference of C-index, 0.068; 95% CI, -0.012 to 0.142).Conclusion"Any degree of decrease in tumor size on CT" and CA19-9 normalization or staying normal were independent favorable factors of OS. The combination of the two factors discriminated OS comparably to ypTNM staging.

Project description:Biliary tract cancers (BTC) are rare and aggressive malignancies originating from intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and the gallbladder. Surgery is the only curative option, but due to late-stage diagnosis, is frequently not feasible, leaving chemotherapy as the primary treatment. Radiotherapy (RT) can be an effective alternative for patients with unresectable, non-metastatic BTC despite the generally poor prognosis and significant variability. To help manage patients with unresectable BTC who receive RT, we aimed to identify prognostic markers that could aid in predicting overall survival (OS). A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the University of Pennsylvania, involving seventy-eight patients with unresectable BTC treated with definitive intent RT. Comprehensive demographic, clinical, and treatment-related data were extracted from the electronic medical records. Univariate and multivariate Cox regressions were employed to identify predictors of OS after RT. A biomarker model was developed for refined survival prediction. The cohort primarily comprised patients with good performance status without significant hepatic dysfunction at presentation. The predominant treatment approach involved hypofractionated RT or concurrent 5FU-based chemoRT. Median OS after RT was 12.3 months, and 20 patients (15.6%) experienced local progression with a median time of 30.1 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified CA19-9 (above median) and higher albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grades at presentation as significant predictors of poor OS. Median OS after RT was 24 months for patients with no risk factors and 6.3 months for those with both. Our study demonstrates generally poor but significantly heterogeneous OS in patients with unresectable BTC treated with RT. We have developed a biomarker model based on CA19-9 and ALBI grade at presentation that can distinguish sub-populations with markedly diverse prognoses. This model can aid the clinical management of this challenging disease.

Project description:BackgroundNeoadjuvant chemotherapy (NeoCTx) is performed for most patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM). However, chemotherapy-associated liver injury (CALI) has been associated with poor postoperative outcome. To date, however, no clinically applicable and noninvasive tool exists to assess CALI before liver resection.MethodsRoutine blood parameters were assessed in 339 patients before and after completion of NeoCTx and before surgery. The study assessed the prognostic potential of the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), the albumin-bilirubin grade (ALBI), and their combinations. Furthermore, an independent multi-center validation cohort (n?=?161) was included to confirm the findings concerning the prediction of postoperative outcome.ResultsHigher ALBI, APRI, and APRI?+?ALBI were found in patients with postoperative morbidity (P?=?0.001, P?=?0.064, P?=?0.001, respectively), liver dysfunction (LD) (P?=?0.009, P?=?0.012, P?<?0.001), or mortality (P?=?0.037, P?=?0.045, P?=?0.016), and APRI?+?ALBI had the highest predictive potential for LD (area under the curve [AUC], 0.695). An increase in APRI?+?ALBI was observed during NeoCTx (P?<?0.001). Patients with longer periods between NeoCTx and surgery showed a greater decrease in APRI?+?ALBI (P?=?0.006) and a trend for decreased CALI at surgery. A cutoff for APRI?+?ALBI at -?2.46 before surgery was found to identify patients with CALI (P?=?0.002) and patients at risk for a prolonged hospital stay (P?=?0.001), intensive care (P?<?0.001), morbidity (P?<?0.001), LD (P?<?0.001), and mortality (P?=?0.021). Importantly, the study was able to confirm the predictive potential of APRI?+?ALBI for postoperative LD and mortality in a multicenter validation cohort.ConclusionDetermination of APRI?+?ALBI before surgery enables identification of high-risk patients for liver resection. The combined score seems to dynamically reflect CALI. Thus, APRI?+?ALBI could be a clinically relevant tool for optimizing timing of surgery in CRCLM patients after NeoCTx.

Project description:ObjectiveTo describe oncologic outcomes after using acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) to reduce requirement for allogenic red blood cell transfusions (ABT) in patients undergoing primary debulking surgery (PDS) for advanced ovarian cancer.MethodsWe performed a post-hoc analysis of a recent prospective trial investigating the safety and feasibility of ANH during PDS for advanced ovarian cancer. We report long-term survival outcomes. We compared demographics, clinicopathological characteristics, survival outcomes in this cohort of Stage IIIB-IVB high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients undergoing ANH (ANH group), with a retrospective cohort of all other patients (standard group) undergoing PDS during the same time period (01/2012-04/2017). Standard statistical tests were used.ResultsThere were no demographic or clinicopathological differences between ANH (n = 33) and standard groups (n = 360), except for higher median age at diagnosis (57 vs. 62 years, respectively; p = 0.044) and shorter operative time (357 vs. 446 min, respectively; p < 0.001) in the standard group. Cytoreductive outcomes (ANH vs. standard): 0 mm, 69.7 vs. 63.9%; gross residual disease (RD) ≤1 cm, 21.2 vs. 26.9%; >1 cm, 9.1 vs. 9.2% (p = 0.78). RD after PDS was the only independent factor associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS) on multivariable analysis (p < 0.001). Patients with BRCA mutations trended towards improved PFS (p = 0.057). Significant factors for overall survival (OS) on multivariable analysis: preoperative CA125 (p = 0.004), ascites (p = 0.018), RD after PDS (p = 0.04), BRCA mutation status (p < 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, ANH was not independently associated with PFS or OS [PFS: HR 0.928 (0.618-1.395); p = 0.721; OS: HR 0.588 (95%CI: 0.317-1.092); p = 0.093].ConclusionsANH is an innovative approach in intraoperative management. It was previously proven to decrease need for ABT while maintaining the ability to achieve complete gross resection and associated benefits.

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Risk stratification and outcomes of women undergoing surgery for ovarian cancer.

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