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Characterization of ST14A Cells for Studying Modulation of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels.

ABSTRACT: In medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the striatum, dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) specifically inhibit the Ca(v)1.3 subtype of L-type Ca(2+) channels (LTCs). MSNs are heterogeneous in their expression of dopamine receptors making the study of D2R pathways difficult in primary neurons. Here, we employed the ST14A cell line, derived from embryonic striatum and characterized to have properties of MSNs, to study Ca(v)1.3 current and its modulation by neurotransmitters. Round, undifferentiated ST14A cells exhibited little to no endogenous Ca(2+) current while differentiated ST14A cells expressed endogenous Ca(2+) current. Transfection with LTC subunits produced functional Ca(v)1.3 current from round cells, providing a homogeneous model system compared to native MSNs for studying D(2)R pathways. However, neither endogenous nor recombinant Ca(v)1.3 current was modulated by the D(2)R agonist quinpirole. We confirmed D(2)R expression in ST14A cells and also detected D(1)Rs, D(4)Rs, D(5)Rs, G(q), calcineurin and phospholipase A2 using RT-PCR and/or Western blot analysis. Phospholipase C ?-1 (PLC?-1) expression was not detected by Western blot analysis which may account for the lack of LTC modulation by D2Rs. These findings raise caution about the assumption that the presence of G-protein coupled receptors in cell lines indicates the presence of complete signaling cascades. However, exogenous arachidonic acid inhibited recombinant Ca(v)1.3 current indicating that channels expressed in ST14A cells are capable of modulation since they respond to a known signaling molecule downstream of D(2)Rs. Thus, ST14A cells provide a MSN-like cell line for studying channel modulation and signaling pathways that do not involve activation of PLC?-1.

SUBMITTER: Roberts-Crowley ML

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4492559 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Characterization of ST14A Cells for Studying Modulation of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels.

Roberts-Crowley Mandy L ML Rittenhouse Ann R AR

PloS one 20150706 7

In medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the striatum, dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) specifically inhibit the Ca(v)1.3 subtype of L-type Ca(2+) channels (LTCs). MSNs are heterogeneous in their expression of dopamine receptors making the study of D2R pathways difficult in primary neurons. Here, we employed the ST14A cell line, derived from embryonic striatum and characterized to have properties of MSNs, to study Ca(v)1.3 current and its modulation by neurotransmitters. Round, undifferentiated ST14A cells ...[more]

PMID: 26147123

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Project description:Voltage-dependent Na+ channel activation underlies action potential generation fundamental to cellular excitability. In skeletal and cardiac muscle this triggers contraction via ryanodine-receptor (RyR)-mediated sarcoplasmic reticular (SR) Ca2+ release. We here review potential feedback actions of intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) on Na+ channel activity, surveying their structural, genetic and cellular and functional implications, translating these to their possible clinical importance. In addition to phosphorylation sites, both Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 possess potentially regulatory binding sites for Ca2+ and/or the Ca2+-sensor calmodulin in their inactivating III-IV linker and C-terminal domains (CTD), where mutations are associated with a range of skeletal and cardiac muscle diseases. We summarize in vitro cell-attached patch clamp studies reporting correspondingly diverse, direct and indirect, Ca2+ effects upon maximal Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 currents (Imax) and their half-maximal voltages (V1/2) characterizing channel gating, in cellular expression systems and isolated myocytes. Interventions increasing cytoplasmic [Ca2+]i down-regulated Imax leaving V1/2 constant in native loose patch clamped, wild-type murine skeletal and cardiac myocytes. They correspondingly reduced action potential upstroke rates and conduction velocities, causing pro-arrhythmic effects in intact perfused hearts. Genetically modified murine RyR2-P2328S hearts modelling catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), recapitulated clinical ventricular and atrial pro-arrhythmic phenotypes following catecholaminergic challenge. These accompanied reductions in action potential conduction velocities. The latter were reversed by flecainide at RyR-blocking concentrations specifically in RyR2-P2328S as opposed to wild-type hearts, suggesting a basis for its recent therapeutic application in CPVT. We finally explore the relevance of these mechanisms in further genetic paradigms for commoner metabolic and structural cardiac disease.

Dataset Information

Characterization of ST14A Cells for Studying Modulation of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels.

Publications

Characterization of ST14A Cells for Studying Modulation of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels.

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