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Observed emotion frequency versus intensity as predictors of socioemotional maladjustment.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to assess whether observed emotional frequency (the proportion of instances an emotion was observed) and intensity (the strength of an emotion when it was observed) uniquely predicted kindergartners' (N = 301) internalizing and externalizing problems. Analyses were tested in a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework with data from multireporters (reports of problem behaviors from teachers and parents) and naturalistic observations of emotion in the fall semester. For observed positive emotion, both frequency and intensity negatively predicted parent- or teacher-reported internalizing symptoms. Anger frequency positively predicted parent- and teacher-reported externalizing symptoms, whereas anger intensity positively predicted parent- and teacher-reported externalizing and parent-reported internalizing symptoms. The findings support the importance of examining both aspects of emotion when predicting maladjustment.

SUBMITTER: Hernandez MM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4518545 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Observed emotion frequency versus intensity as predictors of socioemotional maladjustment.

Hernández Maciel M MM Eisenberg Nancy N Valiente Carlos C Spinrad Tracy L TL VanSchyndel Sarah K SK Diaz Anjolii A Berger Rebecca H RH Silva Kassondra M KM Southworth Jody J Piña Armando A AA

Emotion (Washington, D.C.) 20150727 6

The purpose of this study was to assess whether observed emotional frequency (the proportion of instances an emotion was observed) and intensity (the strength of an emotion when it was observed) uniquely predicted kindergartners' (N = 301) internalizing and externalizing problems. Analyses were tested in a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework with data from multireporters (reports of problem behaviors from teachers and parents) and naturalistic observations of emotion in the fall semeste ...[more]

PMID: 26214568

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Project description:IntroductionParents shape child emotional competence and mental health via their beliefs about children's emotions, emotion-related parenting, the emotional climate of the family and by modelling emotion regulation skills. However, much of the research evidence to date has been based on small samples with mothers of primary school-aged children. Further research is needed to elucidate the direction and timing of associations for mothers and fathers/partners across different stages of child development. The Child and Parent Emotion Study (CAPES) aims to examine longitudinal associations between parent emotion socialisation, child emotion regulation and socioemotional adjustment at four time points from pregnancy to age 12 years. CAPES will investigate the moderating role of parent gender, child temperament and gender, and family background.Methods and analysisCAPES recruited 2063 current parents from six English-speaking countries of a child 0-9 years and 273 prospective parents (ie, women/their partners pregnant with their first child) in 2018-2019. Participants will complete a 20-30 min online survey at four time points 12 months apart, to be completed in December 2022. Measures include validated parent-report tools assessing parent emotion socialisation (ie, parent beliefs, the family emotional climate, supportive parenting and parent emotion regulation) and age-sensitive measures of child outcomes (ie, emotion regulation and socioemotional adjustment). Analyses will use mixed-effects regression to simultaneously assess associations over three time-point transitions (ie, T1 to T2; T2 to T3; T3 to T4), with exposure variables lagged to estimate how past factors predict outcomes 12 months later.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was granted by the Deakin University Human Research Ethics Committee and the Deakin University Faculty of Health Human Research Ethics Committee. We will disseminate results through conferences and open access publications. We will invite parent end users to co-develop our dissemination strategy, and discuss the interpretation of key findings prior to publication.Trial registerationProtocol pre-registration: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/NGWUY.

Project description:PURPOSE:To identify predictors of hypothyroidism after chemoradiation therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and to compare outcomes after intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with those after 3-dimensional (3D) conformal radiation therapy (CRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS:Ninety patients who underwent involved-site IMRT in 2009 through 2014 were evaluated for treatment-induced hypothyroidism, defined as elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone or decreased free thyroxine levels (or both). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified individuals at low versus high risk based on dosimetric variables. Dosimetric cutoff points were verified with an external data set of 50 patients who underwent 3D-CRT. RESULTS:In the IMRT group, most patients (75 [83%]) had stage II HL, and the median prescribed dose was 30.6 Gy; in the 3D-CRT group, 32 patients (64%) had stage II HL, and the median prescribed dose was 32.0 Gy. No differences were found in the proportions of patients with bilateral (P = .982) or unilateral (P = .074) neck involvement between the 2 groups. Hypothyroidism rates were marginally higher in the IMRT group, with estimated 3-year rates of freedom from hypothyroidism of 56.1% in the 3D-CRT group and 40% in the IMRT group (P = .057). Univariate analysis showed that smaller thyroid volume and higher thyroid dose were associated with hypothyroidism in both groups (P < .05). In the IMRT group, the percentage of the thyroid gland volume receiving ?25 Gy (V25) and the absolute volume of the thyroid gland spared from 25 Gy (VS25Gy) were the strongest predictors of hypothyroidism (P = .001 and P < .001, respectively). Cutoff points of 63.5% (V25) and 2.2 mL (VS25Gy) classified patients as high risk (80%-82%) or low risk (37%-44%) (P < .001). Use of a thyroid avoidance structure reduced the incidence of hypothyroidism (P < .05) in the IMRT group. CONCLUSIONS:The percentage of the thyroid receiving 25 Gy and the volume of the thyroid spared from 25 Gy predicted the risk of hypothyroidism after either IMRT or 3D-CRT for HL. IMRT may confer a higher risk than 3D-CRT unless a treatment avoidance structure is used during planning.

Dataset Information

Observed emotion frequency versus intensity as predictors of socioemotional maladjustment.

Publications

Observed emotion frequency versus intensity as predictors of socioemotional maladjustment.

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