Dataset Information

Heat-Labile Enterotoxin IIa, a Platform To Deliver Heterologous Proteins into Neurons.

ABSTRACT: UNLABELLED:Cholera toxin (CT) and the related heat-labile enterotoxins (LT) of Escherichia coli have been implicated as adjuvants in human therapies, but reactivity upon intranasal delivery dampened efforts to develop other clinical applications. However, each CT family member variant has unique biological properties that may warrant development as therapeutic platforms. In the current study, a nontoxic variant of the heat-labile enterotoxin IIa (LTIIa) was engineered to deliver heterologous, functional proteins into the cytosol of neurons. As proof of principle, the LTIIa variant delivered two cargos into neurons. LTIIa delivered ?-lactamase efficiently into cells containing complex gangliosides, such as GD1b, as host receptors. LTIIa delivery of ?-lactamase was sensitive to brefeldin A, an inhibitor that collapses the Golgi compartment into the endoplasmic reticulum, but not sensitive to treatment with botulinum neurotoxin D (BoNT/D), an inhibitor of synaptic vesicle cycling. LTIIa delivered a single-chain, anti-BoNT/A camelid antibody that inhibited SNAP25 cleavage during post-BoNT/A exposure of neurons. Delivery of functional, heterologous protein cargos into neurons demonstrates the potential of LTII variants as platforms to deliver therapies to inactivate toxins and microbial infections and to reverse the pathology of human neurodegenerative diseases. IMPORTANCE:This study engineered a protein platform to deliver functional, heterologous proteins into neurons. The protein platform developed was a variant of the heat-labile enterotoxin IIa (LTIIa) which lacked the catalytic domain, yielding a nontoxic protein. As proof of principle, LTIIa variants delivered two functional proteins into neurons, ?-lactamase and a camelid antibody. These studies show the utility of LTIIa variants to deliver therapies into neurons, which could be extended to inactivate toxins and microbial infections and potentially to reverse the progression of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

SUBMITTER: Chen C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4542185 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Heat-Labile Enterotoxin IIa, a Platform To Deliver Heterologous Proteins into Neurons.

Chen Chen C Przedpelski Amanda A Tepp William H WH Pellett Sabine S Johnson Eric A EA Barbieri Joseph T JT

mBio 20150811 4

<h4>Unlabelled</h4>Cholera toxin (CT) and the related heat-labile enterotoxins (LT) of Escherichia coli have been implicated as adjuvants in human therapies, but reactivity upon intranasal delivery dampened efforts to develop other clinical applications. However, each CT family member variant has unique biological properties that may warrant development as therapeutic platforms. In the current study, a nontoxic variant of the heat-labile enterotoxin IIa (LTIIa) was engineered to deliver heterolo ...[more]

PMID: 26265718

Similar Datasets

Project description:Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) are endemic in low-resource settings and cause robust secretory diarrheal disease in children less than five years of age. ETEC cause secretory diarrhea by producing the heat-stable (ST) and/or heat-labile (LT) enterotoxins. Recent studies have shown that ETEC can be carried asymptomatically in children and adults, but how ETEC subvert mucosal immunity to establish intestinal residency remains unclear. Macrophages are innate immune cells that can be exploited by enteric pathogens to evade mucosal immunity, so we interrogated the ability of ETEC and other E. coli pathovars to survive within macrophages. Using gentamicin protection assays, we show that ETEC H10407 is phagocytosed more readily than other ETEC and non-ETEC isolates. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ETEC H10407, at high bacterial burdens, causes nitrite accumulation in macrophages, which is indicative of a proinflammatory macrophage nitric oxide killing response. However, at low bacterial burdens, ETEC H10407 remains viable within macrophages for an extended period without nitrite accumulation. We demonstrate that LT, but not ST, intoxication decreases the number of ETEC phagocytosed by macrophages. Furthermore, we now show that macrophages exposed simultaneously to LPS and LT produce IL-33, which is a cytokine implicated in promoting macrophage alternative activation, iron recycling, and intestinal repair. Lastly, iron restriction using deferoxamine induces IL-33 receptor (IL-33R) expression and allows ETEC to escape macrophages. Altogether, these data demonstrate that LT provides ETEC with the ability to decrease the perceived ETEC burden and suppresses the initiation of inflammation. Furthermore, these data suggest that host IL-33/IL-33R signaling may augment pathways that promote iron restriction to facilitate ETEC escape from macrophages. These data could help explain novel mechanisms of immune subversion that may contribute to asymptomatic ETEC carriage.

Project description:Escherichia fergusonii strains have been isolated from patients with diarrhea, but their virulence determinant has not been well elucidated. Here, we report the first isolation of a heat-labile enterotoxin 1 (LT1)-producing E. fergusonii strain (strain 30038) from a patient in Japan. The complete genome sequence of strain 30038 was determined and subjected to comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses with 195 publicly available genomes of E. fergusonii. In addition to strain 30038, the elt1 gene was also identified in an E. fergusonii strain that is phylogenetically distinct and which was isolated from poultry in the United Kingdom. Fine genomic comparison revealed that these two strains share comparable elt1-bearing plasmids. However, an intriguing distinction arises in strain 30038, wherein the plasmid has integrated into the chromosome via a recombination process mediated by an insertion sequence. The production of active LT1 toxin by strain 30038 was verified through an in vitro assay using cultured cells. A large plasmid carrying 11 antimicrobial resistance genes was also identified in strain 30038. Our results indicate that extensive surveillance of elt1-positive E. fergusonii strains as diarrheagenic pathogens is needed. IMPORTANCE Escherichia fergusonii, a species closely related to Escherichia coli, is known to cause sporadic conditions in humans, including diarrhea. However, the critical virulence factors in E. fergusonii clinical isolates remain to be identified. This study shows the first isolation of an E. fergusonii strain carrying the elt1 gene, which encodes heat-labile enterotoxin 1, from a patient with diarrhea. Our analysis of public databases also revealed the presence of elt1-positive E. fergusonii strains isolated from poultry in the United Kingdom. Interestingly, while the elt1 gene in the poultry isolate was present on a large plasmid, in the human isolate it was integrated into the chromosome, which may confer stability on the elt1-carrying genetic element. Our findings highlight the need for extensive surveillance of elt1-positive E. fergusonii strains in livestock animals.

Dataset Information

Heat-Labile Enterotoxin IIa, a Platform To Deliver Heterologous Proteins into Neurons.

Publications

Heat-Labile Enterotoxin IIa, a Platform To Deliver Heterologous Proteins into Neurons.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets