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Light-emitting diode street lights reduce last-ditch evasive manoeuvres by moths to bat echolocation calls.

ABSTRACT: The light-emitting diode (LED) street light market is expanding globally, and it is important to understand how LED lights affect wildlife populations. We compared evasive flight responses of moths to bat echolocation calls experimentally under LED-lit and -unlit conditions. Significantly, fewer moths performed 'powerdive' flight manoeuvres in response to bat calls (feeding buzz sequences from Nyctalus spp.) under an LED street light than in the dark. LED street lights reduce the anti-predator behaviour of moths, shifting the balance in favour of their predators, aerial hawking bats.

SUBMITTER: Wakefield A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4555863 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Light-emitting diode street lights reduce last-ditch evasive manoeuvres by moths to bat echolocation calls.

Wakefield Andrew A Stone Emma L EL Jones Gareth G Harris Stephen S

Royal Society open science 20150805 8

The light-emitting diode (LED) street light market is expanding globally, and it is important to understand how LED lights affect wildlife populations. We compared evasive flight responses of moths to bat echolocation calls experimentally under LED-lit and -unlit conditions. Significantly, fewer moths performed 'powerdive' flight manoeuvres in response to bat calls (feeding buzz sequences from Nyctalus spp.) under an LED street light than in the dark. LED street lights reduce the anti-predator b ...[more]

PMID: 26361558

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Project description:BackgroundCities are shifting toward providing more efficient services and the Internet of Things (IoT) becoming the future of things. The shift toward using eco-friendlier LED lights in lighting cities is another genuine game-changer in the future of Light Fidelity technology (Li-Fi). Li-Fi is a visible light communication (VLC) technology that uses Light Emitting Diodes (LED) bulbs for communication. The utilisation of thousands of light sources around a city acting as wireless access points and delivering location-based content will shift cities towards being smart sustainable cities. Recently, this technology got huge attention from the research community and different research has been conducted to improve this filed. However, there is a noticeable need to develop real-world systems that utilise Li-Fi technology.MethodsThis article aims to contribute to developing a Geo-Li-Fi system that uses LED lights to provide the services for collecting contextual data and delivering location-based services (LBS) in different areas of the city. The system is described along with details of its design, implementation and development. Moreover, the overall set-up of the testbed that used to evaluate the proposed system is presented. In addition, an experiment is conducted using a real-world scenario to test the functionality of the system and report the outputs.ResultsThe effect of the system is discussed according to different aspects of sustainability which include economic, social and environmental aspects. The system was tested in indoor and outdoor environments, and it can be seen that the sunlight does not affect the ability of LEDs to deliver the content during the daytime. Regarding the transmission range of the LED lamp, it can be seen that it is affected by different factors. It depends mainly on the power of lamp, so it will be increased significantly when the power of LED is increased. Also, an increase in the beam angle will result in wider coverage area which affected by the intensity.

Dataset Information

Light-emitting diode street lights reduce last-ditch evasive manoeuvres by moths to bat echolocation calls.

Publications

Light-emitting diode street lights reduce last-ditch evasive manoeuvres by moths to bat echolocation calls.

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