Dataset Information

Intestinal microbial communities associated with acute enteric infections and disease recovery.

ABSTRACT: The intestinal microbiome represents a complex network of microbes that are important for human health and preventing pathogen invasion. Studies that examine differences in intestinal microbial communities across individuals with and without enteric infections are useful for identifying microbes that support or impede intestinal health.16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted on stool DNA from patients with enteric infections (n?=?200) and 75 healthy family members to identify differences in intestinal community composition. Stools from 13 patients were also examined post-infection to better understand how intestinal communities recover. Patient communities had lower species richness, evenness, and diversity versus uninfected communities, while principle coordinate analysis demonstrated close clustering of uninfected communities, but not the patient communities, irrespective of age, gender, and race. Differences in community composition between patients and family members were mostly due to variation in the abundance of phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. Patient communities had significantly more Proteobacteria representing genus Escherichia relative to uninfected communities, which were dominated by Bacteroides. Intestinal communities from patients with bloody diarrhea clustered together in the neighbor-joining phylogeny, while communities from 13 patients' post-infection had a significant increase in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and clustered together with uninfected communities.These data demonstrate that the intestinal communities in patients with enteric bacterial infections get altered in similar ways. Furthermore, preventing an increase in Escherichia abundance may be an important consideration for future prevention strategies.

SUBMITTER: Singh P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4579588 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Intestinal microbial communities associated with acute enteric infections and disease recovery.

Singh Pallavi P Teal Tracy K TK Marsh Terence L TL Tiedje James M JM Mosci Rebekah R Jernigan Katherine K Zell Angela A Newton Duane W DW Salimnia Hossein H Lephart Paul P Sundin Daniel D Khalife Walid W Britton Robert A RA Rudrik James T JT Manning Shannon D SD

Microbiome 20150922

<h4>Background</h4>The intestinal microbiome represents a complex network of microbes that are important for human health and preventing pathogen invasion. Studies that examine differences in intestinal microbial communities across individuals with and without enteric infections are useful for identifying microbes that support or impede intestinal health.<h4>Results</h4>16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted on stool DNA from patients with enteric infections (n = 200) and 75 healthy family membe ...[more]

PMID: 26395244

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Project description:Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) are arboreal marsupials native to Australia that eat a specialized diet of almost exclusively eucalyptus leaves. Microbes in koala intestines are known to break down otherwise toxic compounds, such as tannins, in eucalyptus leaves. Infections by Chlamydia, obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens, are highly prevalent in koala populations. If animals with Chlamydia infections are received by wildlife hospitals, a range of antibiotics can be used to treat them. However, previous studies suggested that koalas can suffer adverse side effects during antibiotic treatment. This study aimed to use 16S rRNA gene sequences derived from koala feces to characterize the intestinal microbiome of koalas throughout antibiotic treatment and identify specific taxa associated with koala health after treatment. Although differences in the alpha diversity were observed in the intestinal flora between treated and untreated koalas and between koalas treated with different antibiotics, these differences were not statistically significant. The alpha diversity of microbial communities from koalas that lived through antibiotic treatment versus those who did not was significantly greater, however. Beta diversity analysis largely confirmed the latter observation, revealing that the overall communities were different between koalas on antibiotics that died versus those that survived or never received antibiotics. Using both machine learning and OTU (operational taxonomic unit) co-occurrence network analyses, we found that OTUs that are very closely related to Lonepinella koalarum, a known tannin degrader found by culture-based methods to be present in koala intestines, was correlated with a koala's health status. This is the first study to characterize the time course of effects of antibiotics on koala intestinal microbiomes. Our results suggest it may be useful to pursue alternative treatments for Chlamydia infections without the use of antibiotics or the development of Chlamydia-specific antimicrobial compounds that do not broadly affect microbial communities.

Dataset Information

Intestinal microbial communities associated with acute enteric infections and disease recovery.

Publications

Intestinal microbial communities associated with acute enteric infections and disease recovery.

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