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Trypanosoma cruzi Binds to Cytokeratin through Conserved Peptide Motifs Found in the Laminin-G-Like Domain of the gp85/Trans-sialidase Proteins.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Chagas' disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a disease that affects millions of people most of them living in South and Central Americas. There are few treatment options for individuals with Chagas' disease making it important to understand the molecular details of parasite infection, so novel therapeutic alternatives may be developed for these patients. Here, we investigate the interaction between host cell intermediate filament proteins and the T. cruzi gp85 glycoprotein superfamily with hundreds of members that have long been implicated in parasite cell invasion. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:An in silico analysis was utilized to identify peptide motifs shared by the gp85 T. cruzi proteins and, using phage display, these selected peptide motifs were screened for their ability to bind to cells. One peptide, named TS9, showed significant cell binding capacity and was selected for further studies. Affinity chromatography, phage display and invasion assays revealed that peptide TS9 binds to cytokeratins and vimentin, and prevents T. cruzi cell infection. Interestingly, peptide TS9 and a previously identified binding site for intermediate filament proteins are disposed in an antiparallel ?-sheet fold, present in a conserved laminin-G-like domain shared by all members of the family. Moreover, peptide TS9 overlaps with an immunodominant T cell epitope. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:Taken together, the present study reinforces previous results from our group implicating the gp85 superfamily of glycoproteins and the intermediate filament proteins cytokeratin and vimentin in the parasite infection process. It also suggests an important role in parasite biology for the conserved laminin-G-like domain, present in all members of this large family of cell surface proteins.

SUBMITTER: Teixeira AA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4580646 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Trypanosoma cruzi Binds to Cytokeratin through Conserved Peptide Motifs Found in the Laminin-G-Like Domain of the gp85/Trans-sialidase Proteins.

Teixeira Andre Azevedo Reis AA de Vasconcelos Veronica de Cássia Sardinha Vde C Colli Walter W Alves Maria Júlia Manso MJ Giordano Ricardo José RJ

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 20150923 9

<h4>Background</h4>Chagas' disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a disease that affects millions of people most of them living in South and Central Americas. There are few treatment options for individuals with Chagas' disease making it important to understand the molecular details of parasite infection, so novel therapeutic alternatives may be developed for these patients. Here, we investigate the interaction between host cell intermediate filament proteins and the T. ...[more]

PMID: 26398185

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Project description:Oral transmission of T. cruzi is probably the most frequent mechanism among animals in the wild. In this context, there is a high prevalence of human infections in regions where triatomine infection with T. cruzi is low. This led to the hypothesis that the consumption of raw or undercooked meat from animals infected with T. cruzi could be responsible for the transmission of the infection. Therefore, the general objective of this study was to demonstrate the role of meat consumption from infected animals in the oral transmission of T. cruzi infection. Groups of five female mice Balb/c were fed with muscles obtained from mice in the acute phase of infection by the clone H510 C8C3hvir of T. cruzi, and the infection of the fed mice was monitored by a parasitemia curve. Similarly, we assessed the infective capacity of T. cruzi trypomastigotes and amastigotes by infecting groups of five mice Balb/c females, which were infected orally using a nasogastric probe, and the infection was monitored by parasitemia curve. Finally, different trypomastigote and amastigote inoculums were used to determine their infective capacity. Adhesion assays of T. cruzi proteins to AGS stomach cells were performed and the adhered proteins were detected by western blotting using monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. In all cases, 60–100% of animals were fed meat from mice infected in the acute phase or infected by means of a nasogastric probe with trypomastigotes or amastigotes. These animals developed high parasitemia, and 80% died around day 40 post-infection. The adhesion tests showed that cruzipain is a molecule of trypomastigotes and amastigotes that binds to AGS cells. LC-MS/MS also confirmed that transialidase may be involved in TCT attachment of TCT or invasion of stomach cells. It was concluded that the consumption of meat from infected animals in the acute phase of T. cruzi infection allows transmission of the infection. Similarly, trypomastigotes and amastigotes were able to infect mice when administered orally, while cruzipain was a relevant molecule in this infective process.

Project description:Trypanosoma cruzitrans-sialidase (TcTS), which catalyzes the transfer or hydrolysis of terminal sialic acid residues, is crucial to the development and proliferation of the T. cruzi parasite and thus has emerged as a potential drug target for the treatment of Chagas disease. We here probe the origin of the observed preference for the transfer reaction over hydrolysis where the substrate for TcTS is the natural sialyl donor (represented in this work by sialyllactose). Thus, acceptor lactose preferentially attacks the sialyl-enyzme intermediate rather than water. We compare this with the weaker preference for such transfer shown by a synthetic donor substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl ?-d-acetylneuraminide. For this reason, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations of TcTS following its sialylation by the substrate to examine the behavior of the asialyl leaving group by the protein. These simulations indicate that, where lactose is released, this leaving group samples well-defined interactions in the acceptor site, some of which are mediated by localized water molecules; also, the extent of the opening of the acceptor site to solvent is reduced as compared with those of unliganded forms of TcTS. However, where there is release of 4-methylumbelliferone, this leaving group explores a range of transient poses; surrounding active site water is also more disordered. The acceptor site explores more open conformations, similar to the case in which the 4-methylumbelliferone is absent. Thus, the predicted solvent accessibility of sialylated TcTS is increased when 4-methylumbelliferyl ?-d-acetylneuraminide is the substrate compared to sialyllactose; this in turn is likely to contribute to a greater propensity for hydrolysis of the covalent intermediate. These computational simulations, which suggest that protein flexibility has a role in the transferase/sialidase activity of TcTS, have the potential to aid in the design of anti-Chagas inhibitors effective against this neglected tropical disease.

Dataset Information

Trypanosoma cruzi Binds to Cytokeratin through Conserved Peptide Motifs Found in the Laminin-G-Like Domain of the gp85/Trans-sialidase Proteins.

Publications

Trypanosoma cruzi Binds to Cytokeratin through Conserved Peptide Motifs Found in the Laminin-G-Like Domain of the gp85/Trans-sialidase Proteins.

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