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Efficacy of silver ions against Sacbrood virus infection in the Eastern honey bee Apis cerana.

ABSTRACT: Although silver is known to be a broad-spectrum biocidal agent, the effects of this metal against Sacbrood virus have not yet been investigated. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of silver ions against natural Korean sacbrood virus (KSBV) infection of Apis (A.) cerana. Ten KSBV-infected colonies containing A. cerana with similar strength and activity were selected from an apiary located in Bosung-gun (Korea). Among these, five colonies were randomly assigned to the treatment group that was fed sugar syrup containing 0.2 mg/L silver ions. The other colonies were assigned to the untreated control group in which bees were given syrup without the silver ions. To assess the efficacy of the silver ions, colony strength, colony activity, and the number of dead larvae per hive were measured. During the experimental period, the test group maintained its strength and activity until day 32 while those of bees in the control group decreased sharply after day 8 to 16. Survival duration of the test group was significantly longer (40 days) than that of the control group (21 days). These results strongly indicated that silver ions are effective against KSBV infection in A. cerana.

SUBMITTER: Ahn AJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4588014 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Efficacy of silver ions against Sacbrood virus infection in the Eastern honey bee Apis cerana.

Ahn Ah-Jin AJ Ahn Kyu-Sung KS Suh Guk-Hyun GH Noh Jin-Hyeong JH Kim Young-Ha YH Yoo Mi-Sun MS Kang Seung-Won SW Shin Sung-Shik SS

Journal of veterinary science 20150320 3

Although silver is known to be a broad-spectrum biocidal agent, the effects of this metal against Sacbrood virus have not yet been investigated. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of silver ions against natural Korean sacbrood virus (KSBV) infection of Apis (A.) cerana. Ten KSBV-infected colonies containing A. cerana with similar strength and activity were selected from an apiary located in Bosung-gun (Korea). Among these, five colonies were randomly assigned to the treatment group that wa ...[more]

PMID: 25797295

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Project description:We determined the complete genome sequence of a sacbrood virus (SBV) infecting Indian honey bee (Apis cerana indica) from Tamil Nadu, India named as AcSBV-IndTN1. The genome of AcSBV-IndTN1 comprised of 8740 nucleotides, encoding a single large ORF containing 2849 amino acids flanked by 5' and 3' untranslated regions. Results of phylogenetic tree analysis based on complete genomes of SBV isolates indicated that the virus isolates from India isolated from the Asiatic honey bee A. cerana (AcSBVs) formed a separate group along with six Vietnam isolates and three Chinese isolates. The AcSBV-IndTN1 isolate showed closer genetic relationship with other isolates from India. The second major group had both AcSBVs and AmSBVs (virus isolated from European honey bee, Apis mellifera SBV) of Korea, China and Vietnam. The third and a distantly related group had AmSBVs of Australia, UK, USA and Korea. The results obtained from phylogenetic analysis were further supported with evolutionary distance analysis. AcSBV-IndTN1 isolate open reading frame had 95-99% amino acid sequence similarity with other Indian isolates and 92-96% with AcSBVs and AmSBVs of other geographical locations. In addition, sequence difference count matrix ranged from 154 to 907 nt among all the SBV isolates. This suggests that the virus isolates have evolved significantly in different geographical locations but isolates on different hosts in a given location/country are closely related. The high similarity in the genome among the AcSBV and AmSBV isolates indicate possible cross-infections and recombination of SBV isolates in Asian continent where both the honey bee species are reared in close proximity. Gene flow between SBV population indicating that an infrequent gene flow occur between them. The pattern of molecular diversity in SBV population revealed that the occurrence of recent population expansion of SBV. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of the complete nucleotide sequence of AcSBV from Tamil Nadu, India. This study provided an opportunity to establish the molecular evolution of SBV isolates and shall be useful in the development of diagnostics and effective disease control strategies.

Project description:IntroductionThe functional relevance of intra-species diversity in natural microbial communities remains largely unexplored. The guts of two closely related honey bee species, Apis cerana and A. mellifera, are colonised by a similar set of core bacterial species composed of host-specific strains, thereby providing a good model for an intra-species diversity study.ObjectivesWe aim to assess the functional relevance of intra-species diversity of A. cerana and A. mellifera gut microbiota.MethodsHoney bee workers were collected from four regions of China. Their gut microbiomes were investigated by shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and the bacterial compositions were compared at the species level. A cross-species colonisation assay was conducted, with the gut metabolomes being characterised by LC-MS/MS.ResultsComparative analysis showed that the strain composition of the core bacterial species was host-specific. These core bacterial species presented distinctive functional profiles between the hosts. However, the overall functional profiles of the A. cerana and A. mellifera gut microbiomes were similar; this was further supported by the consistency of the honey bees' gut metabolome, as the gut microbiota of different honey bee species showed rather similar metabolic profiles in the cross-species colonisation assay. Moreover, this experiment also demonstrated that the gut microbiota of A. cerana and A. mellifera could cross colonise between the two honey bee species.ConclusionOur findings revealed functional differences in most core gut bacteria between the guts of A. cerana and A. mellifera, which may be associated with their inter-species diversity. However, the functional profiles of the overall gut microbiomes between the two honey bee species converge, probably as a result of the overlapping ecological niches of the two species. Our findings provide critical insights into the evolution and functional roles of the mutualistic microbiota of honey bees and reveal that functional redundancy could stabilise the gene content diversity at the strain-level within the gut community.

Dataset Information

Efficacy of silver ions against Sacbrood virus infection in the Eastern honey bee Apis cerana.

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Efficacy of silver ions against Sacbrood virus infection in the Eastern honey bee Apis cerana.

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