Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: Background
Individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) live longer as a result of effective treatment, but long-term consequences of infection, treatment, and immunological dysfunction are poorly understood.Methods
We prospectively examined 1011 women (74% HIV-infected) in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and 811 men (65% HIV-infected) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who underwent repeated B-mode carotid artery ultrasound imaging in 2004-2013. Outcomes included changes in right common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) and new focal carotid artery plaque formation (IMT >1.5 mm) over median 7 years. We assessed the association between HIV serostatus and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis, adjusting for demographic, behavioral, and cardiometabolic risk factors.Results
Unadjusted mean CCA-IMT increased (725 to 752 µm in women, 757 to 790 µm in men), but CCA-IMT progression did not differ by HIV serostatus, either in combined or sex-specific analyses. Focal plaque prevalence increased from 8% to 15% in women and 25% to 34% in men over 7 years. HIV-infected individuals had 1.6-fold greater risk of new plaque formation compared with HIV-uninfected individuals (relative risk [RR] 1.61, 95% CI, 1.12-2.32), adjusting for cardiometabolic factors; the association was similar by sex. Increased plaque occurred even among persistently virologically suppressed HIV-infected individuals compared with uninfected individuals (RR 1.56, 95% CI, 1.07-2.27). HIV-infected individuals with baseline CD4+ ? 500 cells/µL had plaque risk not statistically different from uninfected individuals.Conclusions
HIV infection is associated with greater increases in focal plaque among women and men, potentially mediated by factors associated with immunodeficiency or HIV replication at levels below current limits of detection.
SUBMITTER: Hanna DB
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4607734 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Hanna David B DB Post Wendy S WS Deal Jennifer A JA Hodis Howard N HN Jacobson Lisa P LP Mack Wendy J WJ Anastos Kathryn K Gange Stephen J SJ Landay Alan L AL Lazar Jason M JM Palella Frank J FJ Tien Phyllis C PC Witt Mallory D MD Xue Xiaonan X Young Mary A MA Kaplan Robert C RC Kingsley Lawrence A LA
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 20150422 4
<h4>Background</h4>Individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) live longer as a result of effective treatment, but long-term consequences of infection, treatment, and immunological dysfunction are poorly understood.<h4>Methods</h4>We prospectively examined 1011 women (74% HIV-infected) in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and 811 men (65% HIV-infected) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who underwent repeated B-mode carotid artery ultrasound imaging in 2004-2013. Outcomes incl ...[more]