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A randomized controlled trial: the effect of inulin on weight management and ectopic fat in subjects with prediabetes.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Fat infiltration of the liver, muscle and pancreas is associated with insulin resistance and risk of diabetes. Weight loss reduces ectopic fat deposition and risk of diabetes, but is difficult to sustain to due to compensatory increases in appetite. Fermentable carbohydrates have been shown to decrease appetite and food intake, and promote weight loss in overweight subjects. In animal studies, fermentable carbohydrate reduces ectopic fat independent of weight loss. We aimed to investigate the effect of the fermentable carbohydrate inulin on weight maintenance, appetite and ectopic fat in subjects with prediabetes. METHODS:Forty-four subjects with prediabetes were randomized to 18 weeks' inulin or cellulose supplementation. During weeks 1-9 (weight loss phase) all subjects had four visits with a dietitian to guide them towards a 5 % weight loss. During weeks 10-18 (weight maintenance phase) subjects continued taking their assigned supplementation and were asked to maintain the weight they had lost but were offered no further support. All subjects attended study sessions at baseline, 9 and 18 weeks for measurement of weight; assessment of adipose tissue and ectopic fat content by magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy; glucose, insulin and GLP-1 levels following a meal tolerance test; and appetite by ad libitum meal test and visual analogue scales. RESULTS:Both groups lost approximately 5 % of their body weight by week nine (-5.3?±?0.1 % vs -4.3?±?0.4 %, p?=?0.13, but the inulin group lost significantly more weight between 9 and 18 weeks (-2.3?±?0.5 % vs -0.6?±?0.4 %, p?=?0.012). Subjects taking inulin had lower hepatic (p?=?0.02) and soleus muscle (p?

SUBMITTER: Guess ND

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4619305 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A randomized controlled trial: the effect of inulin on weight management and ectopic fat in subjects with prediabetes.

Guess Nicola D ND Dornhorst Anne A Oliver Nick N Bell Jimmy D JD Thomas E Louise EL Frost Gary S GS

Nutrition & metabolism 20151024

<h4>Background</h4>Fat infiltration of the liver, muscle and pancreas is associated with insulin resistance and risk of diabetes. Weight loss reduces ectopic fat deposition and risk of diabetes, but is difficult to sustain to due to compensatory increases in appetite. Fermentable carbohydrates have been shown to decrease appetite and food intake, and promote weight loss in overweight subjects. In animal studies, fermentable carbohydrate reduces ectopic fat independent of weight loss. We aimed to ...[more]

PMID: 26500686

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Project description:BackgroundCurrent guidelines call for peer-reviewed evidence of efficacy and safety for commercial weight loss programs to be recommended as options for those seeking to lose weight.ObjectivesThis study investigated the Ideal Protein (IP) system, a commercial weight loss program, compared to a guideline-based, low-calorie/low-fat (LCLF) dietary behavioral intervention on body weight and CVD risk factors in adults with obesity.MethodsIn this randomized, assessor-blinded, parallel-group trial, 192 participants with body mass index (BMI) ≥30 and ≤49 kg/m2 were assigned to either the IP Phase I diet or LFLC diet interventions. The IP Phase I is focused on lean protein and vegetables with avoidance of fruit and dairy, while the LFLC diet goals include <30% of daily energy from fat, <7% from saturated fat, 55% from carbohydrate, and an energy deficit of 500 kcal/day. The primary endpoint was change in body weight at 3 months. Secondary endpoints included change in waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), fasting glucose (FG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP).ResultsThe mean ± SD of change in weight at 3 months was -9.6 ± 12.7 kg in the IP group as compared to -1.6 ± 27.2 kg in the LFLC group. The mean between-group difference in change at 3 months was -8.1 kg (95% confidence interval [CI] -16.6 to 0.6; p = 0.05). Additional significant between-group differences included WC, HC, TC, and TG levels, all favoring the IP group. There were no serious adverse events during the intervention period.ConclusionsThe present findings demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the IP weight loss program as compared to a guideline-based LCLF dietary behavioral intervention among black and white adults with obesity and CVD risk factors, providing support for the effectiveness of the program.

Project description:It is unclear whether weight management is still effective for pregnant women with excessive weight gain in the second or third trimester in China. This study adopted individualized weight management intervention for pregnant women with abnormal weight gain in the second or third trimester, to analyze the effect of intervention by observing the gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes. This randomized controlled trial was performed at Aerospace Center Hospital. The obstetrician determined whether the pregnant women gained too much weight in the second or third trimester according to the Institute of Medicine guidelines, and randomly divided the pregnant women who gained too much weight in the second or third trimester into the intervention group or the control group according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The pregnant women in the intervention group and in the control group all received routine prenatal examination and diet nutrition education by the doctors in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The intervention group underwent individualized weight management, including individualized diet, exercise, psychological assessment, cognitive intervention and continuous communication, the whole process is tracked and managed by professional nutritionists. The obstetrician collected the prenatal examination data and pregnancy outcome data of all enrolled pregnant women. The primary outcome measure was weight gain during pregnancy. A generalized linear model and a logistic regression model were used to compare the outcomes between the two groups. In total, 348 pregnant women participated in this study with 203 in the intervention group and 145 in the control group. The whole gestational weight gain in the intervention group (15.8 ± 5.4 Kg) was lower than that in the control group (17.5 ± 3.6 Kg; adjusted β = - 1.644; 95% CI [-2.660--0.627]; P = 0.002). The percent of pregnant women with excessive weight gainbefore delivery was 54.2% (110/203) in the intervention group, which was lower than 69.7% (101/145) in the control group (adjusted RR = 0.468; 95% CI [0.284-0.769] P = 0.003). The pregnant women given the individualized weight management intervention from the second to the third trimester experienced less weight gain than that from the third trimester (15.5 ± 5.6 Kg vs. 16.2 ± 5.2 Kg), but without significant difference (P = 0.338). Lower rates of GDM, preeclampsia and gestational hypertension, higher rates of fetal distress and puerperal infection were observed in the intervention group than in the control group (all P < 0.05). Individualized weight management during the second or third trimesters is still beneficial for pregnant women who gain excessive weight and can decrease the associated adverse outcomes.

Project description:ImportanceOnline programs may help with weight loss but have not been widely implemented in routine primary care.ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of a combined intervention, including an online weight management program plus population health management, with the online program only and with usual care.Design, setting, and participantsCluster randomized trial with enrollment from July 19, 2016, through August 10, 2017, at 15 primary care practices in the US. Eligible participants had a scheduled primary care visit and were aged 20 to 70 years, had a body mass index between 27 and less than 40, and had a diagnosis of hypertension or type 2 diabetes. Follow-up ended on May 8, 2019.InterventionsParticipants in the usual care group (n = 326) were mailed general information about weight management. Participants in the online program only group (n = 216) and the combined intervention group (n = 298) were registered for the online program. The participants in the combined intervention group also received weight-related population health management, which included additional support from nonclinical staff who monitored their progress in the online program and conducted periodic outreach.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was weight change at 12 months based on measured weights recorded in the electronic health record. Weight change at 18 months was a secondary outcome.ResultsAmong the 840 participants who enrolled (mean age, 59.3 years [SD, 8.6 years]; 60% female; 76.8% White), 732 (87.1%) had a recorded weight at 12 months and the missing weights for the remaining participants were imputed. There was a significant difference in weight change at 12 months by group with a mean weight change of -1.2 kg (95% CI, -2.1 to -0.3 kg) in the usual care group, -1.9 kg (95% CI, -2.6 to -1.1 kg) in the online program only group, and -3.1 kg (95% CI, -3.7 to -2.5 kg) in the combined intervention group (P < .001). The difference in weight change between the combined intervention group and the usual care group was -1.9 kg (97.5% CI, -2.9 to -0.9 kg; P < .001) and the difference between the combined intervention group and the online program only group was -1.2 kg (95% CI, -2.2 to -0.3 kg; P = .01). At 18 months, the mean weight change was -1.9 kg (95% CI, -2.8 to -1.0 kg) in the usual care group, -1.1 kg (95% CI, -2.0 to -0.3 kg) in the online program only group, and -2.8 kg (95% CI, -3.5 to -2.0 kg) in the combined intervention group (P < .001).Conclusions and relevanceAmong primary care patients with overweight or obesity and hypertension or type 2 diabetes, combining population health management with an online program resulted in a small but statistically significant greater weight loss at 12 months compared with usual care or the online program only. Further research is needed to understand the generalizability, scalability, and durability of these findings.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02656693.

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A randomized controlled trial: the effect of inulin on weight management and ectopic fat in subjects with prediabetes.

Publications

A randomized controlled trial: the effect of inulin on weight management and ectopic fat in subjects with prediabetes.

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