The outstanding diagnosis.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Panchabhai TS
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4626949 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:Ba (Zr0.2Ti0.8) O?-50% (Ba0.7Ca0.3) TiO? (BZT-0.5BCT) ceramics with different doping contents of Pr3+ were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction. The phase structure and crystallinity of the fabricated ceramics were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra were measured to analyze the PL characteristics. The strong intensities of a green band at 489 nm and a red band at 610 nm were observed. The maximum emission intensity of the PL spectrum was achieved in the BZT-0.5BCT ceramic with 0.2% mol of Pr3+ ions. Furthermore, the PL spectra of BZT-0.5BCT ceramics were found to be sensitive to polarization of the ferroelectric ceramics. Compared with the unpoled ceramics, the green emission increased about 42% and a new emission peak at 430 nm appeared for the poled ceramics. With excellent intrinsic ferroelectricity and an enhanced PL property, such material has potential to realize multifunctionality in a wide application range.
| S-EPMC6187377 | biostudies-other
Project description:Griffithsin (GRFT), an algae-derived lectin, is one of the most potent viral entry inhibitors discovered to date. It is currently being developed as a microbicide with broad-spectrum activity against several enveloped viruses. GRFT can inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at picomolar concentrations, surpassing the ability of most anti-HIV agents. The potential to inhibit other viruses as well as parasites has also been demonstrated. Griffithsin's antiviral activity stems from its ability to bind terminal mannoses present in high-mannose oligosaccharides and crosslink these glycans on the surface of the viral envelope glycoproteins. Here, we review structural and biochemical studies that established mode of action and facilitated construction of GRFT analogs, mechanisms that may lead to resistance, and in vitro and pre-clinical results that support the therapeutic potential of this lectin.
| S-EPMC5086628 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundWhile there is strong evidence showing the survival advantage of elite athletes, much less is known about those engaged in mind sports such as chess. This study aimed to examine the overall as well as regional survival of International Chess Grandmasters (GMs) with a reference to the general population, and compare relative survival (RS) of GMs with that of Olympic medallists (OMs).MethodsInformation on 1,208 GMs and 15,157 OMs, respectively, from 28 countries were extracted from the publicly available data sources. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival rates of the GMs. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to adjust the survival for region, year at risk, age at risk and sex, and to estimate the life expectancy of the GMs. The RS rate was computed by matching each GM or OM by year at risk, age at risk and sex to the life table of the country the individual represented.ResultsThe survival rates of GMs at 30 and 60 years since GM title achievement were 87% and 15%, respectively. The life expectancy of GMs at the age of 30 years (which is near the average age when they attained a GM title) was 53.6 ([95% CI]: 47.7-58.5) years, which is significantly greater than the overall weighted mean life expectancy of 45.9 years for the general population. Compared to Eastern Europe, GMs in North America (HR [95% CI]: 0.51 [0.29-0.88]) and Western Europe (HR [95% CI]: 0.53 [0.34-0.83]) had a longer lifespan. The RS analysis showed that both GMs and OMs had a significant survival advantage over the general population, and there was no statistically significant difference in the RS of GMs (RS [95% CI]: 1.14 [1.08-1.20]) compared to OMs: (RS [95% CI]: 1.09 [1.07-1.11]) at 30 years.ConclusionElite chess players live longer than the general population and have a similar survival advantage to elite competitors in physical sports.
| S-EPMC5933783 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC3903942 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Multi-photon absorption (MPA) has attracted interest for applications exploiting the tight spatial control of interaction volume and long wavelength excitation. However, a deficiency of molecules exhibiting higher-order nPA (n-photon absorption, n>2) and a lack of structure-property studies to define the key structural characteristics needed to optimize higher-order MPA performance have hindered practical development. We herein report the syntheses of second- and third-generation metallodendrimers and assessment of their nonlinear absorption, together with those of zero- and first-generation analogues. We report the first 5PA and 6PA data for an organometallic. The largest dendrimer exhibits exceptional three-, four-, five- and six-photon absorption to femtosecond-pulsed light. The systematically varied compounds highlight the crucial role of metal-to-oligo(phenyleneethynylene) charge transfer in promoting outstanding MPA activity.
| S-EPMC9306932 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Thienoguanosine (thG) is an isomorphic guanosine (G) surrogate that almost perfectly mimics G in nucleic acids. To exploit its full potential and lay the foundation for future applications, 20 DNA duplexes, where the bases facing and neighboring thG were systematically varied, were thoroughly studied using fluorescence spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and mixed quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics calculations, yielding a comprehensive understanding of its photophysics in DNA. In matched duplexes, thG's hypochromism was larger for flanking G/C residues but its fluorescence quantum yield (QY) and lifetime values were almost independent of the flanking bases. This was attributed to high duplex stability, which maintains a steady orientation and distance between nucleobases, so that a similar charge transfer (CT) mechanism governs the photophysics of thG independently of its flanking nucleobases. thG can therefore replace any G residue in matched duplexes, while always maintaining similar photophysical features. In contrast, the local destabilization induced by a mismatch or an abasic site restores a strong dependence of thG's QY and lifetime values on its environmental context, depending on the CT route efficiency and solvent exposure of thG. Due to this exquisite sensitivity, thG appears ideal for monitoring local structural changes and single nucleotide polymorphism. Moreover, thG's dominant fluorescence lifetime in DNA is unusually long (9-29 ns), facilitating its selective measurement in complex media using a lifetime-based or a time-gated detection scheme. Taken together, our data highlight thG as an outstanding emissive substitute for G with good QY, long fluorescence lifetimes, and exquisite sensitivity to local structural changes.
| S-EPMC7544670 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We examine progress towards the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) commitment to provide universal access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services by 2014, with an emphasis on changes for those living in poor and emerging economies. Accomplishments include a 45% decline in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) between 1990 and 2013; 11.5% decline in global unmet need for modern contraception; ~21% increase in skilled birth attendance; and declines in both the case fatality rate and rate of abortion. Yet aggregate gains mask stark inequalities, with low coverage of services for the poorest women. Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys from 80 developing countries highlight persistent disparities in skilled birth attendance by household wealth: in 70 of 80 countries (88%), ≥80% of women in the highest quintile were attended by a skilled provider at last birth; in only 23 of the same countries (29%) was this the case for women in the lowest wealth quintile. While there have been notable declines in HIV incidence and prevalence, women affected by HIV are too often bereft of other SRH services, including family planning. Achieving universal access to SRH will require substantially greater investment in comprehensive and integrated services that reach the poor.
| S-EPMC4318113 | biostudies-other
Project description:A body-centered cubic W-based refractory high entropy alloy with outstanding radiation resistance has been developed. The alloy was grown as thin films showing a bimodal grain size distribution in the nanocrystalline and ultrafine regimes and a unique 4-nm lamella-like structure revealed by atom probe tomography (APT). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction show certain black spots appearing after thermal annealing at elevated temperatures. TEM and APT analysis correlated the black spots with second-phase particles rich in Cr and V. No sign of irradiation-created dislocation loops, even after 8 dpa, was observed. Furthermore, nanomechanical testing shows a large hardness of 14 GPa in the as-deposited samples, with near negligible irradiation hardening. Theoretical modeling combining ab initio and Monte Carlo techniques predicts the formation of Cr- and V-rich second-phase particles and points at equal mobilities of point defects as the origin of the exceptional radiation tolerance.
| S-EPMC6397024 | biostudies-literature
Project description:LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:5 Technical Efficacy: Stage 5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019.
| S-EPMC6663309 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IMPACT STATEMENT:Early availability of the sequence, the genetic material of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19), has prompted efforts towards identifying a safe and effective vaccine in the current public health emergency. To that end, understanding the pathophysiology of disease is crucial for scientists around the world. Since conventional vaccine development and manufacturing may take several years, it is important to think about alternative strategies that we could use to mitigate imminent catastrophe. We hope that this article will open up new avenues and provide insights that could potentially save hundreds of lives affected by COVID-19.
| S-EPMC7327953 | biostudies-literature