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Biomarkers for Psychiatry: The Journey from Fantasy to Fact, a Report of the 2013 CINP Think Tank.

ABSTRACT: A think tank sponsored by the Collegium Internationale Neuropsychopharmacologium (CINP) debated the status and prospects of biological markers for psychiatric disorders, focusing on schizophrenia and major depressive disorder.Discussions covered markers defining and predicting specific disorders or domains of dysfunction, as well as predicting and monitoring medication efficacy. Deliberations included clinically useful and viable biomarkers, why suitable markers are not available, and the need for tightly-controlled sample collection.Different types of biomarkers, appropriate sensitivity, specificity, and broad-based exploitability were discussed. Whilst a number of candidates are in the discovery phases, all will require replication in larger, real-life cohorts. Clinical cost-effectiveness also needs to be established.Since a single measure is unlikely to suffice, multi-modal strategies look more promising, although they bring greater technical and implementation complexities. Identifying reproducible, robust biomarkers will probably require pre-competitive consortia to provide the resources needed to identify, validate, and develop the relevant clinical tests.

SUBMITTER: Scarr E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4648162 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Biomarkers for Psychiatry: The Journey from Fantasy to Fact, a Report of the 2013 CINP Think Tank.

Scarr Elizabeth E Millan Mark J MJ Bahn Sabine S Bertolino Alessandro A Turck Christoph W CW Kapur Shitij S Möller Hans-Jürgen HJ Dean Brian B

The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology 20150421 10

<h4>Background</h4>A think tank sponsored by the Collegium Internationale Neuropsychopharmacologium (CINP) debated the status and prospects of biological markers for psychiatric disorders, focusing on schizophrenia and major depressive disorder.<h4>Methods</h4>Discussions covered markers defining and predicting specific disorders or domains of dysfunction, as well as predicting and monitoring medication efficacy. Deliberations included clinically useful and viable biomarkers, why suitable marker ...[more]

PMID: 25899066

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Project description:The high heterogeneity of psychiatric disorders leads to a lack of diagnostic precision. Therefore, the search of biomarkers is a fundamental aspect in psychiatry to reach a more personalized medicine. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has gained increasing interest due to its involvement in many different functional processes in the brain, including the regulation of emotions, motivation, and cognition. This article reviews the role of the main components of the ECS as biomarkers in certain psychiatric disorders. Studies carried out in rodents evaluating the effects of pharmacological and genetic manipulation of cannabinoid receptors or endocannabinoids (eCBs) degrading enzymes were included. Likewise, the ECS-related alterations occurring at the molecular level in animal models reproducing some behavioral and/or neuropathological aspects of psychiatric disorders were reviewed. Furthermore, clinical studies evaluating gene or protein alterations in post-mortem brain tissue or in vivo blood, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were analyzed. Also, the results from neuroimaging studies using positron emission tomography (PET) or functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) were included. This review shows the close involvement of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1r) in stress regulation and the development of mood disorders [anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder (BD)], in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or eating disorders (i.e. anorexia and bulimia nervosa). On the other hand, recent results reveal the potential therapeutic action of the endocannabinoid tone manipulation by inhibition of eCBs degrading enzymes, as well as by the modulation of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2r) activity on anxiolytic, antidepressive, or antipsychotic associated effects. Further clinical research studies are needed; however, current evidence suggests that the components of the ECS may become promising biomarkers in psychiatry to improve, at least in part, the diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of psychiatric disorders.

Dataset Information

Biomarkers for Psychiatry: The Journey from Fantasy to Fact, a Report of the 2013 CINP Think Tank.

Publications

Biomarkers for Psychiatry: The Journey from Fantasy to Fact, a Report of the 2013 CINP Think Tank.

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