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Transcriptional regulatory networks controlling woolliness in peach in response to preharvest gibberellin application and cold storage.

ABSTRACT: Postharvest fruit conservation relies on low temperatures and manipulations of hormone metabolism to maintain sensory properties. Peaches are susceptible to chilling injuries, such as 'woolliness' that is caused by juice loss leading to a 'wooly' fruit texture. Application of gibberellic acid at the initial stages of pit hardening impairs woolliness incidence, however the mechanisms controlling the response remain unknown. We have employed genome wide transcriptional profiling to investigate the effects of gibberellic acid application and cold storage on harvested peaches.Approximately half of the investigated genes exhibited significant differential expression in response to the treatments. Cellular and developmental process gene ontologies were overrepresented among the differentially regulated genes, whereas sequences in cell death and immune response categories were underrepresented. Gene set enrichment demonstrated a predominant role of cold storage in repressing the transcription of genes associated to cell wall metabolism. In contrast, genes involved in hormone responses exhibited a more complex transcriptional response, indicating an extensive network of crosstalk between hormone signaling and low temperatures. Time course transcriptional analyses demonstrate the large contribution of gene expression regulation on the biochemical changes leading to woolliness in peach.Overall, our results provide insights on the mechanisms controlling the complex phenotypes associated to postharvest textural changes in peach and suggest that hormone mediated reprogramming previous to pit hardening affects the onset of chilling injuries.

SUBMITTER: Pegoraro C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4652400 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Transcriptional regulatory networks controlling woolliness in peach in response to preharvest gibberellin application and cold storage.

Pegoraro Camila C Tadiello Alice A Girardi César L CL Chaves Fábio C FC Quecini Vera V de Oliveira Antonio Costa AC Trainotti Livio L Rombaldi Cesar Valmor CV

BMC plant biology 20151118

<h4>Background</h4>Postharvest fruit conservation relies on low temperatures and manipulations of hormone metabolism to maintain sensory properties. Peaches are susceptible to chilling injuries, such as 'woolliness' that is caused by juice loss leading to a 'wooly' fruit texture. Application of gibberellic acid at the initial stages of pit hardening impairs woolliness incidence, however the mechanisms controlling the response remain unknown. We have employed genome wide transcriptional profiling ...[more]

PMID: 26582034

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Project description:Cold storage (CS) is widely used to extend fruit postharvest. In peach, chilling injuries may cause intense juice loss leading to a dry âwoollyâ texture of the fruit flesh. The disturbance, named woolliness, is associated to abnormal pectin metabolism and results in anatomical and physiological alterations. Application of gibberellic acid (GA) at the initial stages of pit hardening has been shown to impair woolliness incidence, however the mechanisms controlling the response remain unknown. We have employed genome wide transcription analyses to investigate the effects of GA application and CS of peaches. Approximately half (48.26%, 13846) of the investigated genes exhibited significant differential expression in response to the treatments. Gene ontology classes associated to cellular and developmental processes were overrepresented among the differentially regulated genes, whereas sequences classified in cell death and immune response categories were underrepresented. Gene set enrichment analyses demonstrated a predominant role of CS in repressing the transcription of genes associated to cell wall metabolism. In contrast, genes involved in hormone metabolism and signaling exhibited a more complex transcriptional response to the factors, indicating an extensive network of crosstalk between GA and low temperatures. Time course transcriptional profiling analyses also confirmed the involvement of cell wall metabolism genes in woolliness onset in peach. Overall, our results provide further insights on the mechanisms controlling the complex phenotypes associated to postharvest textural changes in peach. Four samples (CONT, CONTcs, GA3, GA3cs), each with three biological replicates (R1, R2 and R3), were analyzed. Control samples (CONT and CONTcs) consist of peach mesocarp not treated with GA3 at pit hardening, and either assayed at harvest (CONT) or after 15 days of cold storage (CONTcs). GA3 samples (GA3 and GA3cs) consist of peach mesocarp treated with GA3 at pit hardening, and either assayed at harvest (GA3) or after 15 days of cold storage (GA3cs).

Project description:BackgroundSeed germination is a complex multi-stage developmental process, and mainly accomplished through concerted activities of many gene products and biological pathways that are often subjected to strict developmental regulation. Gibberellins (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) are two key phytohormones regulating seed germination and seedling growth. However, transcriptional regulatory networks underlying seed germination and its associated biological pathways are largely unknown.ResultsThe studies examined transcriptomes of barley representing six distinct and well characterized germination stages and revealed that the transcriptional regulatory program underlying barley germination was composed of early, late, and post-germination phases. Each phase was accompanied with transcriptional up-regulation of distinct biological pathways. Cell wall synthesis and regulatory components including transcription factors, signaling and post-translational modification components were specifically and transiently up-regulated in early germination phase while histone families and many metabolic pathways were up-regulated in late germination phase. Photosynthesis and seed reserve mobilization pathways were up-regulated in post-germination phase. However, stress related pathways and seed storage proteins were suppressed through the entire course of germination. A set of genes were transiently up-regulated within three hours of imbibition, and might play roles in initiating biological pathways involved in seed germination. However, highly abundant transcripts in dry barley and Arabidopsis seeds were significantly conserved. Comparison with transcriptomes of barley aleurone in response to GA and ABA identified three sets of germination responsive genes that were regulated coordinately by GA, antagonistically by ABA, and coordinately by GA but antagonistically by ABA. Major CHO metabolism, cell wall degradation and protein degradation pathways were up-regulated by both GA and seed germination. Those genes and metabolic pathways are likely to be important parts of transcriptional regulatory networks underlying GA and ABA regulation of seed germination and seedling growth.ConclusionsThe studies developed a model depicting transcriptional regulatory programs underlying barley germination and GA and ABA regulation of germination at gene, pathway and systems levels, and established a standard transcriptome reference for further integration with various -omics and biological data to illustrate biological networks underlying seed germination. The studies also generated a great amount of systems biological evidence for previously proposed hypotheses, and developed a number of new hypotheses on transcriptional regulation of seed germination for further experimental validation.

Project description:Refrigerated storage is widely applied in order to maintain peach quality but it can also induce chilling injuries (CIs) such as flesh browning and bleeding, and mealiness. Peach fruit from three cultivars ('Red Haven', RH, 'Regina di Londa', RL, and 'Flaminia', FL) were stored for 4 weeks under low temperatures (0.5 and 5.5°C). GC-MS was employed to study changes in both metabolome and volatilome induced by cold storage in the mesocarp. CIs were assessed both at the end of each week of storage and after subsequent shelf-life (SL) at 20°C. Flesh browning and mealiness appeared to be more related to 5.5°C storage, while flesh bleeding revealed high incidence following 0.5°C storage. Compared to RL and FL, RH showed a marked lower incidence of CIs. Multivariate statistical analyses indicate that RH peaches indeed differ from RL and FL in particular when considering data from samples collected at the end of the cold storage. Common and divergent responses have been identified in terms of metabolic responses to the applied low temperatures. In all three cultivars raffinose, glucose-6P, fucose, xylose, sorbitol, GABA, epicatechin, catechin, and putrescine markedly increased during cold storage, while citramalic, glucuronic, mucic and shikimic acids decreased. Among volatile organic compounds (VOCs), aldehydes and alcohols generally accumulated more under low temperature conditions while esters and lactones evolved during subsequent SL. The main cultivar differences developed after cold storage during SL although some common responses (e.g., an increased production of ethyl acetate) were observed. The lower levels of flesh browning and bleeding displayed by RH peaches were related to compounds with antioxidant activity, or acting as osmotic protectants and membrane stabilizer. Indeed, RH showed higher levels of amino acids and urea, together with a marked increase in putrescine, sorbitol, maltitol, myoinositol and sucrose detected during storage and SL.

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Transcriptional regulatory networks controlling woolliness in peach in response to preharvest gibberellin application and cold storage.

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Transcriptional regulatory networks controlling woolliness in peach in response to preharvest gibberellin application and cold storage.

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