Dataset Information

The Influence of Hand Preference on Grip Strength in Children and Adolescents; A Cross-Sectional Study of 2284 Children and Adolescents.

ABSTRACT: In adults the preferred hand is often considered to be around 10% stronger than the non-preferred hand. Whether the same is true for children and adolescents remains unclear. The objective of this study is therefore to determine whether there is a difference in grip strength between the preferred and non-preferred hand in developing children, to establish whether this difference is similar for children of a different gender or hand preference, and whether there is a difference in grip strength of the preferred hand of left-preferent (LP) and right-preferent (RP) children.Cross-sectional study.Participants were recruited from schools in the northern provinces of the Netherlands. The study included healthy children and adolescents in the age range of 4-17 years.Each child was allowed a total of four attempts using the JAMAR hand dynamometer, two attempts with each hand. All individual attempts were scored. Hand preference was determined by asking which hand was used to write, or in the case of 4- and 5-year-olds, which hand was used to draw a shape.The study population comprised 2284 children and adolescents. RP boys and girls scored significantly higher with their preferred hand, the difference amounting to 9.5 and 10.1% respectively. LP girls scored significantly higher with their preferred hand, but this difference was only 3.0%. For LP boys no significant difference was found in favor of either hand. LP children score higher with the non-preferred hand and tie scores on both hands more often than RP children.The 10% rule of hand preference is applicable to RP children ranging in age between 4 and 17 years, but not to LP children. In contrast to LP boys, LP girls are generally significantly stronger with their preferred hand.

SUBMITTER: Hepping AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4657904 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Influence of Hand Preference on Grip Strength in Children and Adolescents; A Cross-Sectional Study of 2284 Children and Adolescents.

Hepping Ann M AM Ploegmakers Joris J W JJ Geertzen Jan H B JH Bulstra Sjoerd K SK Stevens Martin M

PloS one 20151123 11

<h4>Introduction</h4>In adults the preferred hand is often considered to be around 10% stronger than the non-preferred hand. Whether the same is true for children and adolescents remains unclear. The objective of this study is therefore to determine whether there is a difference in grip strength between the preferred and non-preferred hand in developing children, to establish whether this difference is similar for children of a different gender or hand preference, and whether there is a differen ...[more]

PMID: 26599429

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Project description:BackgroundPregnancy results in many changes, including reduced hand grip strength (HGS). However, good HGS is required for physical functions such as carrying and breastfeeding the baby after birth. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that may predict HGS during pregnancy.MethodsThe study was a cross-sectional study approved by the Research Ethics Committees of Kano State Ministry of Health and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital in Kano, north-west, Nigeria. Pregnant women at the designated hospitals were included in the study if they had no serious comorbidities or any known neurological condition that affects the hands and the neck. Demographic characteristics and independent (predictor) variables (age, weight, height, BMI, maternity leave status, number of full-term deliveries, number of preterm deliveries, number of live births, number of abortuses, gravidity, trimester, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, inter arm systolic BP difference [IASBP], inter arm diastolic BP difference [IADBP], and heart rate) of each of the participants were recorded by experienced therapists. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and standard multiple regression.ResultOne hundred and sixty-one pregnant women with mean age, 25.04 ± 4.83 years participated in the study. In the dominant hand, 120 participants (74.5%) had weak grip strength. In the non-dominant hand, 135 participants (83.9%) had weak grip strength. For the dominant hand, the total variance explained by the whole model was significant, 28.5%, F(11, 161) = 1.187, R2 = 0.081, p = 0.300 . In the final model, none of the variables significantly predicted HGS. However, systolic blood pressure contributed to the model more than any other variable (Beta = -0.155). For the non-dominant hand, the total variance explained by the whole model was not significant, 33.1%, F(11, 161) = 1.675, R2 = 0.111, p = 0.089 . In the final model, only systolic blood pressure (Beta = -0.254, p = 0.023) significantly predicted hand grip strength.ConclusionCardiovascular events or changes during pregnancy (such as change in systolic blood pressure) may be related to HGS in pregnant women. It is therefore, important for clinicians to pay attention to this, in planning rehabilitation strategies for pregnant women.

Project description:BackgroundHand grip strength (HGS) is a fast, useful, and inexpensive outcome predictor of nutritional status and muscular function assessment. Numerous demographic and anthropometric factors were reported to be associated with HGS, while which one or several factors produce greater variations in HGS has not been discussed in detail. This is important for answering how should HGS be normalized for eliminating the influence of individual differences in clinical practice.AimsTo compare the contribution of age, sex, height, weight, and forearm circumference (FCF) to variations in HGS based on a large-scale sample.MethodsWe enrolled 1,511 healthy undergraduate students aged 18-23 years. Age, weight, height, and sex were obtained. HGS was measured using a digital hand dynamometer, and FCF was measured at the point of greatest circumference using a soft ruler in both hands. Pearson's or Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated with data of women and men separated and mixed for comparison. Partial correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression were used to compare the effect of variables on HGS.ResultsAnalysis results confirmed the correlates of higher HGS include higher height, heavier weight, being men and dominant hand, and larger FCF. The correlation between HGS and FCF was the highest, and the bivariate correlation coefficient between weight and HGS was largerata of women and men were mixed, than that between height and HGS. When data of women and men were mixed, there were moderate correlations between HGS and height and weight (r = 0.633∼0.682). However, when data were separated, there were weak correlations (r = 0.246∼0.391). Notably, partial correlation analysis revealed no significant correlation between height and HGS after eliminating the weight effect, while the correlation between weight and HGS was still significant after eliminating the height effect. Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed sex was the most significant contributor to the variation in HGS (Beta = -0.541 and -0.527), followed by weight (Beta = 0.243 and 0.261) and height (Beta = 0.102 and 0.103).ConclusionHGS and FCF reference values of healthy college students were provided. Weight was more correlate with hand grip strength, at least among the healthy undergraduates.Clinical trial registrationhttp://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=165914, identifier ChiCTR2200058586.

Project description:BackgroundShort-term (2 weeks to 3 months) insulin intensive therapy using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) can improve islet beta cell function and prolong glycemic remission in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the total daily insulin dose (TDD, IU/kg/d) required to achieve near-normoglycemic control with CSII still needs to be frequently adjusted based on blood glucose monitoring. Although real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM), which measures the interstitial fluid glucose concentration continuously without much difficulty, facilitates the adjustment of insulin dosage, its adoption in the T2DM population is strictly limited by insurance coverage and lack of awareness of rtCGM among clinicians. Thus, it is of clinical significance to identify easy-to-use parameters that may allow a more rapid and accurate prediction of TDD requirement. This study aimed to explore the association between hand grip strength (HGS) and TDD requirement in patients with T2DM receiving CSII therapy.MethodsA total of 180 eligible patients with T2DM were enrolled in the study and divided into three groups based on their HGS: low (L), medium (M), and high (H). The TDD requirement was calculated on day 7 or 8 of CSII treatment. Anthropometric parameters, including HGS, skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle index (SMI) and 6-m gait speed, and laboratory data, were collected on the morning of the second day after admission, within the first 24 h of CSII therapy. These parameters were used to identify significant predictors of TDD requirement using Pearson or Spearman correlation test, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.ResultsThere were no significant differences in age, duration of T2DM, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, liver function, estimated glomerular filtration rate, triglyceride, total cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function (HOMA-β) among the groups. The H group had higher body muscle mass-to-fat ratio (BMFR), skeletal muscle mass-to-fat ratio (SMFR), SMI, 6-m gait speed, and lower TDD requirement than the M and L groups. The HGS negatively correlated with TDD requirement (r = -0.33, p < 0.001) after adjusting for sex, age, BMI, WHR, HbA1c, Ln (HOMA-β), Ln (HOMA-IR), Ln (BMFR), Ln (SMFR), SMI, and 6-m gait speed. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis indicated that HGS was an independent predictor of TDD requirement in patients with T2DM (β = -0.45, p < 0 001).ConclusionLower HGS is associated with an increased TDD requirement in T2DM patients. HGS may facilitate the prediction of TDD requirement in T2DM patients receiving CSII therapy.

Project description:BackgroundHand grip strength (HGS) is a widely used functional test for the assessment of strength and functional status in patients with cancer, in particular with cancer cachexia. The aim was to prospectively evaluate the prognostic value of HGS in patients with mostly advanced cancer with and without cachexia and to establish reference values for a European-based population.MethodsIn this prospective study, 333 patients with cancer (85% stage III/IV) and 65 healthy controls of similar age and sex were enrolled. None of the study participants had significant cardiovascular disease or active infection at baseline. Repetitive HGS assessment was performed using a hand dynamometer to measure the maximal HGS (kilograms). Presence of cancer cachexia was defined when patients had ≥5% weight loss within 6 months or when body mass index was <20.0 kg/m2 with ≥2% weight loss (Fearon's criteria). Cox proportional hazard analyses were performed to assess the relationship of maximal HGS to all-cause mortality and to determine cut-offs for HGS with the best predictive power. We also assessed associations with additional relevant clinical and functional outcome measures at baseline, including anthropometric measures, physical function (Karnofsky Performance Status and Eastern Cooperative of Oncology Group), physical activity (4-m gait speed test and 6-min walk test), patient-reported outcomes (EQ-5D-5L and Visual Analogue Scale appetite/pain) and nutrition status (Mini Nutritional Assessment).ResultsThe mean age was 60 ± 14 years; 163 (51%) were female, and 148 (44%) had cachexia at baseline. Patients with cancer showed 18% lower HGS than healthy controls (31.2 ± 11.9 vs. 37.9 ± 11.6 kg, P < 0.001). Patients with cancer cachexia had 16% lower HGS than those without cachexia (28.3 ± 10.1 vs. 33.6 ± 12.3 kg, P < 0.001). Patients with cancer were followed for a mean of 17 months (range 6-50), and 182 (55%) patients died during follow-up (2-year mortality rate 53%) (95% confidence interval 48-59%). Reduced maximal HGS was associated with increased mortality (per -5 kg; hazard ratio [HR] 1.19; 1.10-1.28; P < 0.0001; independently of age, sex, cancer stage, cancer entity and presence of cachexia). HGS was also a predictor of mortality in patients with cachexia (per -5 kg; HR 1.20; 1.08-1.33; P = 0.001) and without cachexia (per -5 kg; HR 1.18; 1.04-1.34; P = 0.010). The cut-off for maximal HGS with the best predictive power for poor survival was <25.1 kg for females (sensitivity 54%, specificity 63%) and <40.2 kg for males (sensitivity 69%, specificity 68%).ConclusionsReduced maximal HGS was associated with higher all-cause mortality, reduced overall functional status and decreased physical performance in patients with mostly advanced cancer. Similar results were found for patients with and without cancer cachexia.

Dataset Information

The Influence of Hand Preference on Grip Strength in Children and Adolescents; A Cross-Sectional Study of 2284 Children and Adolescents.

Publications

The Influence of Hand Preference on Grip Strength in Children and Adolescents; A Cross-Sectional Study of 2284 Children and Adolescents.

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