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Molecular characterization of human Torque Teno virus.

ABSTRACT: The present study analyzed the presence of human Torque Teno virus (TTV) in hospitalized patients from different departments. In total, 378 serum specimens were collected from the patients (171 with cardiovascular disease, 192 with tumor and 15 with gastroenteritis) and analyzed by ELISA and nest-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the presence of TTV. The results showed that 64 specimens (17%) were TTV positive from detection with the human ELISA kit, and the patients aged <30 years have a higher prevalence. TTV in males was more common than in female patients. In addition, nest-PCR was used to detect TTV within different phylogenetic groups among the 64 specimens, and the results showed that groups 1 (TA278 strain), 4 (KC009) and 5 (CT39) were much more prevalent than groups 2 (PMV isolate) and 3 (11 genotypes) in the different departmental patients.

SUBMITTER: Wei Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4660652 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Molecular characterization of human Torque Teno virus.

Wei Youping Y Chen Minyang M Yang Xia X Zhang Liming L Rao Lihua L Yuan Feifang F Wang Yangqin Y Gong Jing J Li Lianping L

Biomedical reports 20150826 6

The present study analyzed the presence of human Torque Teno virus (TTV) in hospitalized patients from different departments. In total, 378 serum specimens were collected from the patients (171 with cardiovascular disease, 192 with tumor and 15 with gastroenteritis) and analyzed by ELISA and nest-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the presence of TTV. The results showed that 64 specimens (17%) were TTV positive from detection with the human ELISA kit, and the patients aged <30 years have ...[more]

PMID: 26623023

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Project description:Torque teno virus (TTV) is the most common component of the human blood virobiota. Little is known, however, about the prevalence of TTV in humans and the most common farm domesticates in Jordan, or the history and modality of TTV transmission across species lines. We therefore tested sera from 396 Jordanians and 171 farm animals for the presence of TTV DNA using nested 5'-UTR-PCR. We then performed phylogenetic, ordination and evolutionary diversity analyses on detected DNA sequences. We detected a very high prevalence of TTV in Jordanians (~96%); much higher than in farm animal domesticates (~29% pooled over species). TTV prevalence in the human participants is not associated with geography, demography or physical attributes. Phylogenetic, ordination and evolutionary diversity analyses indicated that TTV is transmitted readily between humans across the geography of the country and between various species of animal domesticates. However, the majority of animal TTV isolates seem to derive from a single human-to-animal transmission event in the past, and current human-animal transmission in either direction is relatively rare. In conclusion, animal TTV in Jordan is historically derived from human variants; however, ongoing human-animal TTV exchange is minimal and zoonotic infection seems to be of limited importance.

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A human torque teno virus encodes a microRNA that inhibits interferon signaling.

Project description:Torque teno viruses (TTVs) are a group of viruses with small, circular DNA genomes. Members of this family are thought to ubiquitously infect humans, although causal disease associations are currently lacking. At present, there is no understanding of how infection with this diverse group of viruses is so prevalent. Using a combined computational and synthetic approach, we predict and identify miRNA-coding regions in diverse human TTVs and provide evidence for TTV miRNA production in vivo. The TTV miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, processed by Drosha and Dicer, and are active in RISC. A TTV mutant defective for miRNA production replicates as well as wild type virus genome; demonstrating that the TTV miRNA is dispensable for genome replication in a cell culture model. We demonstrate that a recombinant TTV genome is capable of expressing an exogenous miRNA, indicating the potential utility of TTV as a small RNA vector. Gene expression profiling of host cells identifies N-myc (and STAT) interactor (NMI) as a target of a TTV miRNA. NMI transcripts are directly regulated through a binding site in the 3'UTR. SiRNA knockdown of NMI contributes to a decreased response to interferon signaling. Consistent with this, we show that a TTV miRNA mediates a decreased response to IFN and increased cellular proliferation in the presence of IFN. Thus, we add Annelloviridae to the growing list of virus families that encode miRNAs, and suggest that miRNA-mediated immune evasion can contribute to the pervasiveness associated with some of these viruses.

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Project description:Human torque teno viruses (TTVs) are a diverse group of small nonenveloped viruses with circular, single-stranded DNA genomes. These elusive anelloviruses are harbored in the blood stream of most humans and have thus been considered part of the normal flora. Whether the primary infection as a rule take(s) place before or after birth has been debated. The aim of our study was to determine the time of TTV primary infection and the viral load and strain variations during infancy and follow-up for up to 7 years. TTV DNAs were quantified in serial serum samples from 102 children by a pan-TTV quantitative PCR, and the amplicons from representative time points were cloned and sequenced to disclose the TTV strain diversity. We detected an unequivocal rise in TTV-DNA prevalence, from 39% at 4 months of age to 93% at 2 years; all children but one, 99%, became TTV-DNA positive before age 4 years. The TTV-DNA quantities ranged from 5 × 101 to 4 × 107 copies/mL, both within and between the children. In conclusion, TTV primary infections occur mainly after birth, and increase during the first two years with high intra- and interindividual variation in both DNA quantities and virus strains.

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Although human torque teno viruses (TTVs) were first discovered in 1997, still many associated aspects are not clarified yet. The viruses reveal a remarkable heterogeneity and it is possible that some genotypes are more pathogenic than others. The identification of all genotypes is essential to confirm previous pathogenicity data, and an unbiased search for novel viruses is needed to identify TTVs that might be related to disease. METHOD: The virus discovery technique VIDISCA-454 was used to screen serum of 55 HIV-1 positive injecting drug users, from the Amsterdam Cohort Studies, in search for novel blood-blood transmittable viruses which are undetectable via normal diagnostics or panvirus-primer PCRs. RESULTS: A novel torque teno mini virus (TTMV) was identified in two patients and the sequence of the full genomes were determined. The virus is significantly different from the known TTMVs (< 40% amino acid identity in ORF1), yet it contains conserved characteristics that are also present in other TTMVs. The virus is chronically present in both patients, and these patients both suffered from a pneumococcal pneumonia during follow up and had extremely low B-cells counts. CONCLUSION: We describe a novel TTMV which we tentatively named TTMV-13. Further research is needed to address the epidemiology and pathogenicity of this novel virus.

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