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Effect of proximal versus distal 50% enterectomy on nutritional parameters in rats preconditioned with a high-fat diet or regular chow.

ABSTRACT: Obesity may protect against the nutritional consequences of short bowel syndrome. We hypothesized that rats preconditioned with an obesogenic diet would have better outcomes after surgical induction of short bowel syndrome compared to rats on regular chow. Rats were fed a high-fat diet or regular rat chow for six months, and then underwent 50% proximal, 50% distal, or sham enterectomy. Food intake, weight, and body composition were monitored before and for 4 weeks after surgery. The high-fat diet consistently produced obesity (>25% body fat). All procedures induced weight loss, but there was no discernable difference between resection vs. sham resection. Rats on the high-fat diet had a greater post-resection loss of body fat compared to rats on chow (36 vs. 26?g, respectively). There was a nonsignificant trend of less lean mass loss in the former compared to the latter rats (16 vs. 33?g, respectively). Enterectomy moderated serum ghrelin, GIP, PPY, insulin, and leptin. Intestinal adaptation was not different between obese vs. non-obese rats. Rats preconditioned with the high-fat diet may have had better retention of lean body mass after a surgical procedure compared to rats on chow. The effect of 50% enterectomy was less than expected.

SUBMITTER: Yanala UR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4661515 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of proximal versus distal 50% enterectomy on nutritional parameters in rats preconditioned with a high-fat diet or regular chow.

Yanala Ujwal R UR Reidelberger Roger D RD Thompson Jon S JS Shostrom Valerie K VK Carlson Mark A MA

Scientific reports 20151127

Obesity may protect against the nutritional consequences of short bowel syndrome. We hypothesized that rats preconditioned with an obesogenic diet would have better outcomes after surgical induction of short bowel syndrome compared to rats on regular chow. Rats were fed a high-fat diet or regular rat chow for six months, and then underwent 50% proximal, 50% distal, or sham enterectomy. Food intake, weight, and body composition were monitored before and for 4 weeks after surgery. The high-fat die ...[more]

PMID: 26612764

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Project description:BackgroundObesity is a leading risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA). In contrast, calorie restriction (CR) may lessen OA due to improved systemic inflammatory status and reduced weight-bearing. The aim of this study was to determine how CR with regular chow versus a high-fat diet (HFD) alters OA progression using the Hartley guinea pig model of disease.MethodsTwenty-four male guinea pigs were allocated to four groups at 2 months of age: (1) ad libitum regular chow (obese), (2) CR regular chow (lean), (3) ad libitum HFD, and (4) CR HFD. Animals in both HFD groups ate identical amounts and were combined into one HFD group for analyses. At 5 months, hind limbs were harvested for microcomputed tomography (microCT) and histopathologic evaluation of knee OA. Total body, gonad fat, and infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) masses were recorded. IFPs were collected for gene expression analysis. Immunohistochemistry for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was performed on intact joints. Serum was utilized for protein C3 measurement. All data were compared using ordinary one-way ANOVA analyses with Tukey's post-hoc tests.ResultsBody mass in the lean and HFD groups were similar and lower than the obese group. Despite this, gonad fat pads in the HFD group were comparable to the obese group. MicroCT and histologic OA scores were similar in obese and HFD groups; both scores were significantly lower in the lean group. Obese and HFD groups displayed increased gene expression of pro-inflammatory and catabolic mediators in IFPs relative to lean animals. Consistent with this, immunohistochemistry for MCP-1 in knee joints demonstrated strong positive staining in obese and HFD groups but was minimally detected in lean animals. Serum protein C3 levels were also statistically higher.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that CR with a regular chow diet lessened knee OA in the Hartley guinea pig and was associated with decreased local and systemic inflammation compared to obese animals. HFD animals, although under CR conditions, had OA scores and inflammatory markers similar to obese animals. Thus, diet composition, and not solely body weight, may be a key factor in development of OA.

Project description:Ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone released from the empty stomach, provides a gut-brain signal that promotes many appetitive behaviours, including anticipatory and goal-directed behaviours for palatable treats high in sugar and/or fat. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether ghrelin is able to influence and/or may even have a role in binge-like eating behaviour in rodents. Accordingly, we used a palatable scheduled feeding (PSF) paradigm in which ad lib. chow-fed rodents are trained to 'binge' on a high-fat diet (HFD) offered each day for a limited period of 2 hours. After 2 weeks of habituation to this paradigm, on the test day and immediately prior to the 2-hour PSF, rats were administered ghrelin or vehicle solution by the i.c.v. route. Remarkably and unexpectedly, during the palatable scheduled feed, when rats normally only binge on the HFD, those injected with i.c.v. ghrelin started to eat more chow and chow intake remained above baseline for the rest of the 24-hour day. We identify the ventral tegmental area (VTA) (a key brain area involved in food reward) as a substrate involved because these effects could be reproduced, in part, by intra-VTA delivery of ghrelin. Fasting, which increases endogenous ghrelin, immediately prior to a palatable schedule feed also increased chow intake during/after the schedule feed but, in contrast to ghrelin injection, did not reduce HFD intake. Chronic continuous central ghrelin infusion over several weeks enhanced binge-like behaviour in palatable schedule fed rats. Over a 4-week period, GHS-R1A-KO mice were able to adapt and maintain large meals of HFD in a manner similar to wild-type mice, suggesting that ghrelin signalling may not have a critical role in the acquisition or maintenance in this kind of feeding behaviour. In conclusion, ghrelin appears to act as a modulating factor for binge-like eating behaviour by shifting food preference towards a more nutritious choice (from HFD to chow), with these effects being somewhat divergent from fasting.

Dataset Information

Effect of proximal versus distal 50% enterectomy on nutritional parameters in rats preconditioned with a high-fat diet or regular chow.

Publications

Effect of proximal versus distal 50% enterectomy on nutritional parameters in rats preconditioned with a high-fat diet or regular chow.

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