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Evaluation of colon cancer-specific antigen 2 as a potential serum marker for colorectal cancer.

ABSTRACT: A blood test to detect colon cancer at a preventable stage would represent a major advancement. We have previously identified colon cancer-specific markers using focused proteomics analysis of nuclear structural proteins. Two of these markers, colon cancer-specific antigen (CCSA)-3 and CCSA-4, have been developed into blood-based markers that are able to distinguish individuals with colorectal cancer from those without. CCSA-2 is a distinct novel colon cancer marker identified using focused proteomics.Using an indirect ELISA on serum samples obtained from two institutions, we evaluated CCSA-2 as a serum-based colon cancer marker. A total of 111 serum samples from individuals who underwent colonoscopy and were subsequently diagnosed as either being normal or having hyperplastic polyps, nonadvanced adenomas, advanced adenomas, and colorectal cancer were evaluated. A diverse control population that consisted of 125 serum samples was also included in this study.Receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to measure the sensitivity and specificity of CCSA-2. CCSA-2 at a cutoff of 10.8 mug/mL has overall specificity of 78.4% [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 67.3-87.1%] and sensitivity of 97.3% (95% CI, 85.8-99.5%) in separating individuals with advanced adenomas and colorectal cancer from normal, hyperplastic, and nonadvanced adenoma populations. The receiver operating characteristic curve for CCSA-2 has an area under the curve of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.83-0.95).Our initial study shows that CCSA-2 is a potential serum-based marker for colon cancer detection with high sensitivity and specificity.

SUBMITTER: Leman ES

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4664476 | biostudies-literature | 2008 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Evaluation of colon cancer-specific antigen 2 as a potential serum marker for colorectal cancer.

Leman Eddy S ES Schoen Robert E RE Magheli Ahmed A Sokoll Lori J LJ Chan Daniel W DW Getzenberg Robert H RH

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 20080301 5

<h4>Purpose</h4>A blood test to detect colon cancer at a preventable stage would represent a major advancement. We have previously identified colon cancer-specific markers using focused proteomics analysis of nuclear structural proteins. Two of these markers, colon cancer-specific antigen (CCSA)-3 and CCSA-4, have been developed into blood-based markers that are able to distinguish individuals with colorectal cancer from those without. CCSA-2 is a distinct novel colon cancer marker identified us ...[more]

PMID: 18316554

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Project description:ImportanceGuidelines recommend measuring preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with colon cancer. Although persistently elevated CEA after surgery has been associated with increased risk for metastatic disease, prognostic significance of elevated preoperative CEA that normalized after resection is unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate whether patients with elevated preoperative CEA that normalizes after colon cancer resection have a higher risk of recurrence than patients with normal preoperative CEA.Design, setting, and participantsThis retrospective cohort analysis was conducted at a comprehensive cancer center. Consecutive patients with colon cancer who underwent curative resection for stage I to III colon adenocarcinoma at the center from January 2007 to December 2014 were identified.ExposuresPatients were grouped into 3 cohorts: normal preoperative CEA, elevated preoperative but normalized postoperative CEA, and elevated preoperative and postoperative CEA.Main outcomes and measuresThree-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) and hazard function curves over time were analyzed.ResultsA total of 1027 patients (461 [50.4%] male; median [IQR] age, 64 [53-75] years) were identified. Patients with normal preoperative CEA had 7.4% higher 3-year RFS (n = 715 [89.7%]) than the combined cohorts with elevated preoperative CEA (n = 312 [82.3%]) (P = .01) but had RFS similar to that of patients with normalized postoperative CEA (n = 142 [87.9%]) (P = .86). Patients with elevated postoperative CEA had 14.9% lower RFS (n = 57 [74.5%]) than the combined cohorts with normal postoperative CEA (n = 857 [89.4%]) (P = .001). The hazard function of recurrence for elevated postoperative CEA peaked earlier than for the other cohorts. Multivariate analyses confirmed that elevated postoperative CEA (hazard ratio [HR], 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.5), but not normalized postoperative CEA (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.45-1.30), was independently associated with shorter RFS.Conclusions and relevanceElevated preoperative CEA that normalizes after resection is not an indicator of poor prognosis. Routine measurement of postoperative, rather than preoperative, CEA is warranted. Patients with elevated postoperative CEA are at increased risk for recurrence, especially within the first 12 months after surgery.

Project description:BackgroundTumor hypoxia is an important factor related to tumor resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This study investigated molecules synthesized in colorectal cancer cells during hypoxia to explore the possibility of developing molecular probes capable of detecting cell death and/or the efficiency of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.MethodsAt first, we incubated two human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines SW480 (UICC stage II) and SW620 (UICC stage III) cells in hypoxic (< or =2% O2, 93% N2, and 5% CO2) and normoxic conditions (20% O2, 75% N2, and 5% CO2) for 24 h and 48 h. The relative expression ratio of GLUT1 mRNA in hypoxic conditions was analyzed by RT-PCR. Ten cancerous tissues collected from human colorectal cancer patients were examined. HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha levels were measured to indicate the degree of hypoxia, and gene expression under hypoxic conditions was determined. As a comparison, HIF-1alpha, HIF-2alpha, and GLUT1 levels were measured in the peripheral blood of 100 CRC patients.ResultsHypoxia-induced lactate was found to be elevated 3.24- to 3.36-fold in SW480 cells, and 3.06- to 3.17-fold in SW620 cells. The increased relative expression ratio of GLUT1 mRNA, under hypoxic conditions was higher in SW620 cells (1.39- to 1.72-fold elevation) than in SW480 cells (1.24- to 1.66-fold elevation). HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha levels were elevated and GLUT1 genes were significantly overexpressed in CRC tissue specimens. The elevated ratio of GLUT1 was higher in stage III and IV CRC tissue specimens than in the stage I and II (2.97-4.73 versus 1.44-2.11). GLUT1 mRNA was also increased in the peripheral blood of stage II and III CRC patients as compared to stage I patients, suggesting that GLUT1 may serve as a hypoxic indicator in CRC patients.ConclusionIn conclusion, this study demonstrated that GLUT1 has the potential to be employed as a molecular marker to indicate the degree of hypoxia experienced by tumors circulating in the blood of cancer patients.

Project description:BackgroundAlthough circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently garnered interest as disease markers, they have been relatively poorly studied as a biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we aimed to screen the exosome-derived circRNAs in CRC and explore their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of CRC METHODS: Exosomes were extracted from the plasma using a kit and validated by immunoblotting, transmission electron microscopy, and particle size analysis. The microarray datasets were employed to identify differentially-expressed circRNAs from plasma exosomes. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) verified the results of the microarray analysis, and Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed the diagnostic ability of a single circRNA. The Starbase combined with microT, miRmap, and RNA22 were used to establish a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. Gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes, Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis were applied to determine potential functions of the identified mRNAs RESULTS: Comparing the microarray of plasma exosome-derived circRNAs and the microarray downloaded from the GEO database, 15 candidate circRNAs with up-regulated expression were identified. RT-qPCR verified that hsa_circ_0003270 (circGAPVD1) was upregulated in CRC plasma exosomes. ROC analysis showed that circGAPVD1 in plasma exosomes has potential diagnostic value for CRC. The sensitivity and specificity of circGAPVD1 in the diagnosis of CRC were found to be 75.64 and 71.79%, respectively (area under ROC = 0.7662). Furthermore, the lymph node metastasis and TNM staging of patients were positively correlated with high expression of circGAPVD1. Combined with the ENCORI database and GEO datasets, we identified the circGAPVD1-related ceRNA network. The enrichment analysis revealed that key nodes in the ceRNA network participate in many important signaling pathways such as protein post-translational modifications CONCLUSION: Our results revealed the diagnostic efficiency of circGAPVD1 in plasma exosomes. The highly expressed circGAPVD1 is expected to be a novel diagnostic marker for CRC.

Dataset Information

Evaluation of colon cancer-specific antigen 2 as a potential serum marker for colorectal cancer.

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Evaluation of colon cancer-specific antigen 2 as a potential serum marker for colorectal cancer.

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