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Optimisation and Characterisation of Lipase-Catalysed Synthesis of a Kojic Monooleate Ester in a Solvent-Free System by Response Surface Methodology.

ABSTRACT: Kojic acid is widely used to inhibit the browning effect of tyrosinase in cosmetic and food industries. In this work, synthesis of kojic monooleate ester (KMO) was carried out using lipase-catalysed esterification of kojic acid and oleic acid in a solvent-free system. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to optimise the main important reaction variables, such as enzyme amount, reaction temperature, substrate molar ratio, and reaction time along with immobilised lipase from Candida Antarctica (Novozym 435) as a biocatalyst. The RSM data indicated that the reaction temperature was less significant in comparison to other factors for the production of a KMO ester. By using this statistical analysis, a quadratic model was developed in order to correlate the preparation variable to the response (reaction yield). The optimum conditions for the enzymatic synthesis of KMO were as follows: an enzyme amount of 2.0 wt%, reaction temperature of 83.69°C, substrate molar ratio of 1:2.37 (mmole kojic acid:oleic acid) and a reaction time of 300.0 min. Under these conditions, the actual yield percentage obtained was 42.09%, which is comparably well with the maximum predicted value of 44.46%. Under the optimal conditions, Novozym 435 could be reused for 5 cycles for KMO production percentage yield of at least 40%. The results demonstrated that statistical analysis using RSM can be used efficiently to optimise the production of a KMO ester. Moreover, the optimum conditions obtained can be applied to scale-up the process and minimise the cost.

SUBMITTER: Jumbri K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4681531 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Optimisation and Characterisation of Lipase-Catalysed Synthesis of a Kojic Monooleate Ester in a Solvent-Free System by Response Surface Methodology.

Jumbri Khairulazhar K Al-Haniff Rozy Mohd Fahruddin MF Ashari Siti Efliza SE Mohamad Rosfarizan R Basri Mahiran M Fard Masoumi Hamid Reza HR

PloS one 20151214 12

Kojic acid is widely used to inhibit the browning effect of tyrosinase in cosmetic and food industries. In this work, synthesis of kojic monooleate ester (KMO) was carried out using lipase-catalysed esterification of kojic acid and oleic acid in a solvent-free system. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to optimise the main important reaction variables, such as enzyme amount, reaction temperature, substrate molar ratio, and reaction time ...[more]

PMID: 26657030

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Project description:Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), which are often found in soil, water, sediments, and air. These compounds are a type of pollutant that can have a serious negative impact on living things and human health. Soil washing method is a remediation technique used to remove contaminants from the soil. This process involves the use of water or other solvents to extract contaminants from the soil, followed by separation and disposal of the contaminated solution. This research engineered the effectiveness of soil washing method to remove TPHs from a genuine, sullied soil sample. After analyzing the physical and chemical properties of the soil, the Box-Benken Design (BBD) technique was used to optimize the variables that influence the process's effectiveness. A quadratic model was suggested based on the BBD design, correlation coefficients, and other factors. The minimum, maximum and mean removal of TPHs during the stages of the study were 63.5, 94.5 and 76.7%, respectively. The correlation between the variables was strong, as shown by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), F-value (1064.5) and P-value (0.0001), and the proposed model was highly significant. The most effective soil washing method (SWM) was obtained with pH 7.8, liquid to solid ratio 50:1, reaction time 52 min, surfactant concentration 7.9 mg kg-1, and three washings. A removal rate of 98.8% was accomplished for TPHs from the soil in this context. The kinetic results indicate that the kinetic of TPHs removal follows the first-order kinetics (R2 = 0.96). There was not a major difference in the process's efficiency based on temperature. The removal efficiency heightened from 0 to 150 rpm and then remained steady. Introducing air flow increased the rate of removal, and the combination of ultrasonic waves with the reaction environment increased the process efficiency and decreased the time for the process and the amount of times it needed to be washed. An analysis of the washed soil both physically and chemically revealed a substantial decrease in the concentration of other elements.

Dataset Information

Optimisation and Characterisation of Lipase-Catalysed Synthesis of a Kojic Monooleate Ester in a Solvent-Free System by Response Surface Methodology.

Publications

Optimisation and Characterisation of Lipase-Catalysed Synthesis of a Kojic Monooleate Ester in a Solvent-Free System by Response Surface Methodology.

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