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Population pharmacokinetics of naloxegol in a population of 1247 healthy subjects and patients.

ABSTRACT: AIMS:Naloxegol, a polyethylene glycol conjugated derivative of the opioid antagonist naloxone, is in clinical development for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). The aim of the study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model describing the concentration vs. time profile of orally administered naloxegol, and determine the impact of pre-specified demographic and clinical factors and concomitant medication on population estimates of apparent clearance (CL/F) and apparent central compartment volume of distribution (Vc /F). METHODS:Analysis included 12,844 naloxegol plasma concentrations obtained from 1247 healthy subjects, patients with non-OIC and patients with OIC in 14 phase 1, 2b and 3 clinical studies. Pharmacokinetic analysis used the non-linear mixed effects modelling program. Goodness of fit plots and posterior predictive checks were conducted to confirm concordance with observed data. RESULTS:The final model was a two compartment disposition model with dual absorptions, comprising one first order absorption (ka1 4.56 h(-1) ) and one more complex absorption with a transit compartment (ktr 2.78 h(-1) ). Mean (SE) parameter estimates for CL/F and Vc /F, the parameters assessed for covariate effects, were 115 (3.41) l h(-1) and 160 (27.4) l, respectively. Inter-individual variability was 48% and 51%, respectively. Phase of study, gender, race, concomitant strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors, strong CYP3A4 inducers, P-glycoprotein inhibitors or inducers, naloxegol formulation, baseline creatinine clearance and baseline opioid dose had a significant effect on at least one pharmacokinetic parameter. Simulations indicated concomitant strong CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers had relevant effects on naloxegol exposure. CONCLUSIONS:Administration of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers had a clinically relevant influence on naloxegol pharmacokinetics.

SUBMITTER: Al-Huniti N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4693583 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Population pharmacokinetics of naloxegol in a population of 1247 healthy subjects and patients.

Al-Huniti Nidal N Chapel Sunny S Xu Hongmei H Bui Khanh H KH Sostek Mark M

British journal of clinical pharmacology 20151027 1

<h4>Aims</h4>Naloxegol, a polyethylene glycol conjugated derivative of the opioid antagonist naloxone, is in clinical development for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). The aim of the study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model describing the concentration vs. time profile of orally administered naloxegol, and determine the impact of pre-specified demographic and clinical factors and concomitant medication on population estimates of apparent clearance (CL/F) and apparent ...[more]

PMID: 26317320

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Project description:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Upadacitinib is a janus kinase (JAK) 1 inhibitor being developed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory diseases. This work characterized upadacitinib population pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects and RA patients and the effects of covariates on upadacitinib exposure. METHODS:Upadacitinib plasma concentrations (n = 6399) from 107 healthy subjects and 466 RA patients from three phase I and two 12-week RA phase IIb trials (1-48 mg immediate-release doses across studies) were analyzed using non-linear mixed-effects modeling. The models were qualified using bootstrap and stochastic simulations. RESULTS:A two-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination described upadacitinib pharmacokinetics. Estimates (95% bootstrap confidence interval) for upadacitinib oral clearance, steady-state volume of distribution, absorption lag time, and mean absorption time were 39.7 (37.8-41.5) L/h, 210 (196-231) L, 0.48 (0.47-0.49) h, and 0.08 (0.04-0.12) h, respectively, for a typical healthy male. Matching on other covariates, a 16 and 32% higher upadacitinib area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) was estimated for females relative to males, and for subjects with RA relative to healthy volunteers, respectively. Subjects with RA with mild or moderate renal impairment were estimated to have 16 and 32% higher upadacitinib AUC, respectively, compared with subjects with RA with normal renal function. Upadacitinib clearance was not correlated with body weight. CONCLUSIONS:Upadacitinib pharmacokinetics follow dose-proportional, bi-exponential disposition. A slightly lower upadacitinib clearance is estimated in subjects with RA than in healthy volunteers, consistent with observations for other JAK inhibitors. Other covariates (weight, sex, mild or moderate renal impairment) are not associated with clinically relevant effects on upadacitinib exposure. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ) identifiers: NCT01741493, NCT02066389, and NCT01960855.

Dataset Information

Population pharmacokinetics of naloxegol in a population of 1247 healthy subjects and patients.

Publications

Population pharmacokinetics of naloxegol in a population of 1247 healthy subjects and patients.

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