Calciphylaxis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Nigwekar SU
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4696752 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Calciphylaxis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment.
Nigwekar Sagar U SU Kroshinsky Daniela D Nazarian Rosalynn M RM Goverman Jeremy J Malhotra Rajeev R Jackson Vicki Ann VA Kamdar Mihir M MM Steele David J R DJ Thadhani Ravi I RI
American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 20150507 1
Calciphylaxis is a rare but devastating condition that has continued to challenge the medical community since its early descriptions in the scientific literature many decades ago. It is predominantly seen in patients with chronic kidney failure treated with dialysis (uremic calciphylaxis) but is also described in patients with earlier stages of chronic kidney disease and with normal kidney function. In this review, we discuss the available medical literature regarding risk factors, diagnosis, an ...[more]
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Project description:Calciphylaxis remains a poorly understood vascular calcification disorder with predilection for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Recent data from large patient registries and databases have begun to provide information regarding incidence, risk factors, and outcomes in patients with calciphylaxis.The most recent estimate places the incidence of calciphylaxis at 3.5 new cases/1000 patient-years among the patients with ESRD on chronic hemodialysis. It is possible that misdiagnosis or subclinical disease may attribute to lower than the true incidence. There is a suggestion that the incidence is higher in peritoneal dialysis patients compared with patients with hemodialysis. Recent studies have identified a number of risk factors and point to the effects of vitamin K deficiency mediated impairment in Matrix Gla Protein carboxylation as one of the likely pathogenic mechanisms. The outcomes in calciphylaxis patients remain poor with mortality approaching 30% at 6 months and 50% at 12 months.The present review describes recent literature in the field of calciphylaxis. Calciphylaxis registries and specimen biorepositories promise to provide insights into the pathogenesis of calciphylaxis and will pave the way for much needed clinical trials.
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