Dataset Information

Weighted mean: A possible method to express overall Dhatu Sarata.

ABSTRACT: Several questions are being raised regarding the accuracy of the methods of diagnosis and reporting of various clinical parameters according to Ayurveda in recent times. Uniformity in reporting, issues related to inter-rater variability, uniformity in applying statistical tests, reliability, consistency, and validation of various tools, - are some of the major concerns that are being voiced. Dhatu Sarata is one such domain where no substantial work has been carried out to address these issues. The Sanskrit term "Dhatu" roughly translates as a "tissue." Sarata stands for the status of Dhatu in a given individual, i.e., it describes whether the status is excellent, moderate, or poor. In the available research literature, there are several gaps while dealing with and reporting the clinical assessment of Dhatu. Most of the workers group an individual into any one of the categories of Dhatu Sarata, and this approach neglects the contribution of other Dhatus to the overall Sarata in that individual. In this communication, we propose the usefulness of "weighted mean" in expressing the overall Sarata in an individual. This gives the researcher a freedom of not classifying an individual into any one group of Sarata, while also simultaneously allowing him/her to retain the focus on the status of an individual Dhatu.

SUBMITTER: Gunawat CP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4719490 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Oct-Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Weighted mean: A possible method to express overall Dhatu Sarata.

Gunawat Chandar Prakash CP Singh Girish G Patwardhan Kishor K Gehlot Sangeeta S

Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine 20151001 4

Several questions are being raised regarding the accuracy of the methods of diagnosis and reporting of various clinical parameters according to Ayurveda in recent times. Uniformity in reporting, issues related to inter-rater variability, uniformity in applying statistical tests, reliability, consistency, and validation of various tools, - are some of the major concerns that are being voiced. Dhatu Sarata is one such domain where no substantial work has been carried out to address these issues. T ...[more]

PMID: 26834429

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Project description:Small scale distribution of insect root herbivores may promote plant species diversity by creating patches of different herbivore pressure. However, determinants of small scale distribution of insect root herbivores, and impact of land use intensity on their small scale distribution are largely unknown. We sampled insect root herbivores and measured vegetation parameters and soil water content along transects in grasslands of different management intensity in three regions in Germany. We calculated community-weighted mean plant traits to test whether the functional plant community composition determines the small scale distribution of insect root herbivores. To analyze spatial patterns in plant species and trait composition and insect root herbivore abundance we computed Mantel correlograms. Insect root herbivores mainly comprised click beetle (Coleoptera, Elateridae) larvae (43%) in the investigated grasslands. Total insect root herbivore numbers were positively related to community-weighted mean traits indicating high plant growth rates and biomass (specific leaf area, reproductive- and vegetative plant height), and negatively related to plant traits indicating poor tissue quality (leaf C/N ratio). Generalist Elaterid larvae, when analyzed independently, were also positively related to high plant growth rates and furthermore to root dry mass, but were not related to tissue quality. Insect root herbivore numbers were not related to plant cover, plant species richness and soil water content. Plant species composition and to a lesser extent plant trait composition displayed spatial autocorrelation, which was not influenced by land use intensity. Insect root herbivore abundance was not spatially autocorrelated. We conclude that in semi-natural grasslands with a high share of generalist insect root herbivores, insect root herbivores affiliate with large, fast growing plants, presumably because of availability of high quantities of food. Affiliation of insect root herbivores with large, fast growing plants may counteract dominance of those species, thus promoting plant diversity.

Project description:BackgroundIn clinical settings and research studies, childbirth experience is often measured using a single-item question about overall experience. Little is known about what women include in this rating, which complicates the design of adequate follow-up, as well as the interpretation of research findings based on ratings of overall childbirth experience. The aim of this study was to examine which known dimensions of childbirth experience women include in the rating on a single-item measure.MethodsRatings of overall childbirth experience on a 10-point numeric rating scale (NRS) from 2953 women with spontaneous or induced onset of labour at two Swedish hospitals were evaluated against the validated Childbirth Experience Questionnaire 2 (CEQ2), completed on one of the first days postpartum. The CEQ2 measures four childbirth experience domains: own capacity, perceived safety, professional support and participation. Internal consistency for CEQ2 was evaluated by calculating Cronbach's alpha. NRS ratings were explored in relation to CEQ2 using empirical cumulative distribution function graphs, where childbirth experience was defined as negative (NRS ratings 1-4), mixed (NRS ratings 5-6) or positive (NRS ratings 7-10). A multiple linear regression analysis, presented as beta coefficients (B) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), was also performed to explore the relationship between the four domains of the CEQ2 and overall childbirth experience.ResultsThe prevalence of negative childbirth experience was 6.3%. All CEQ2-subscales reached high or acceptable reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.78; 0.81; 0.69 and 0.66, respectively). Regardless of overall childbirth experience, the majority of respondents scored high on the CEQ2 subscale representing professional support. Overall childbirth experience was mainly explained by perceived safety (B = 1.60, CI 1.48-1.73), followed by own capacity (B = 0.65, CI 0.53-0.77) and participation (B = 0.43, CI 0.29-0.56).ConclusionsIn conclusion, overall childbirth experience rated by a single-item measurement appears to mainly capture experiences of perceived safety, and to a lesser extent own capacity and participation, but appears not to reflect professional support. CEQ2 shows good psychometric properties for use shortly after childbirth, and among women with induced onset of labour, which increases the usability of the instrument.

Dataset Information

Weighted mean: A possible method to express overall Dhatu Sarata.

Publications

Weighted mean: A possible method to express overall Dhatu Sarata.

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