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Altered trabecular bone morphology in adolescent and young adult athletes with menstrual dysfunction.

ABSTRACT: Young amenorrheic athletes (AA) have lower bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased prevalence of fracture compared with eumenorrheic athletes (EA) and non-athletes. Trabecular morphology is a determinant of skeletal strength and may contribute to fracture risk.To determine the variation in trabecular morphology among AA, EA, and non-athletes and to determine the association of trabecular morphology with fracture among AA.A cross-sectional study performed at an academic clinical research center.161 girls and young women aged 14-26 years (97 AA, 32 EA, and 32 non-athletes).We measured volumetric BMD (vBMD) and skeletal microarchitecture using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. We evaluated trabecular morphology (plate-like vs. rod-like), orientation, and connectivity by individual trabecula segmentation.At the non-weight-bearing distal radius, the groups did not differ for trabecular vBMD. However, plate-like trabecular bone volume fraction (pBV/TV) was lower in AA vs. EA (p=0.03), as were plate number (p=0.03) and connectivity (p=0.03). At the weight-bearing distal tibia, trabecular vBMD was higher in athletes vs. non-athletes (p=0.05 for AA and p=0.009 for EA vs. non-athletes, respectively). pBV/TV was higher in athletes vs. non-athletes (p=0.04 AA and p=0.005 EA vs. non-athletes), as were axially-aligned trabeculae, plate number, and connectivity. Among AA, those with a history of recurrent stress fracture had lower pBV/TV, axially-aligned trabeculae, plate number, plate thickness, and connectivity at the distal radius.Trabecular morphology and alignment differ among AA, EA, and non-athletes. These differences may be associated with increased fracture risk.

SUBMITTER: Mitchell DM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4745258 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Altered trabecular bone morphology in adolescent and young adult athletes with menstrual dysfunction.

Mitchell Deborah M DM Tuck Padrig P Ackerman Kathryn E KE Cano Sokoloff Natalia N Woolley Ryan R Slattery Meghan M Lee Hang H Bouxsein Mary L ML Misra Madhusmita M

Bone 20150627

<h4>Context</h4>Young amenorrheic athletes (AA) have lower bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased prevalence of fracture compared with eumenorrheic athletes (EA) and non-athletes. Trabecular morphology is a determinant of skeletal strength and may contribute to fracture risk.<h4>Objectives</h4>To determine the variation in trabecular morphology among AA, EA, and non-athletes and to determine the association of trabecular morphology with fracture among AA.<h4>Design and setting</h4>A cross-s ...[more]

PMID: 26123592

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Project description:Oligoamenorrheic athletes (OAs) have lower bone mineral density (BMD) and greater impairment of bone microarchitecture, and therefore higher fracture rates compared to eumenorrheic athletes. Although improvements in areal BMD (aBMD; measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) in OAs have been demonstrated with transdermal estrogen treatment, effects of such treatment on bone microarchitecture are unknown. Here we explore effects of transdermal versus oral estrogen versus no estrogen on bone microarchitecture in OA. Seventy-five OAs (ages 14 to 25?years) were randomized to (i) a 100-?g 17?-estradiol transdermal patch (PATCH) administered continuously with 200?mg cyclic oral micronized progesterone; (ii) a combined 30 ?g ethinyl estradiol and 0.15?mg desogestrel pill (PILL); or (iii) no estrogen/progesterone (NONE) and were followed for 12?months. Calcium (?1200?mg) and vitamin D (800?IU) supplements were provided to all. Bone microarchitecture was assessed using high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT at the distal tibia and radius at baseline and 1?year. At baseline, randomization groups did not differ by age, body mass index, percent body fat, duration of amenorrhea, vitamin D levels, BMD, or bone microarchitecture measurements. After 1?year of treatment, at the distal tibia there were significantly greater increases in total and trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD), cortical area and thickness, and trabecular number in the PATCH versus PILL groups. Trabecular area decreased significantly in the PATCH group versus the PILL and NONE groups. Less robust differences between groups were seen at the distal radius, where percent change in cortical area and thickness was significantly greater in the PATCH versus PILL and NONE groups, and changes in cortical vBMD were significantly greater in the PATCH versus PILL groups. In conclusion, in young OAs, bone structural parameters show greater improvement after 1?year of treatment with transdermal 17?-estradiol versus ethinyl estradiol-containing pills, particularly at the tibia. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Project description:There have been fewer improvements in the clinical outcomes of adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with cancer than for children and older adults, possibly because fewer studies focus on patients in this age group. The aims of this study were (1) to determine survival rates of bone sarcoma among AYAs in Japan (for comparison with other age groups), and (2) to establish whether belonging to the AYA age group at diagnosis was correlated with poor cancer survival in Japan.A total of 3457 patients diagnosed with bone sarcoma (1930 male and 1527 female) were identified from 63,931 records in the Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor (BSTT) registry, a nationwide Japanese database, from 2006 to 2013. The histologic subtypes of bone sarcoma were osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma. The primary endpoints for prognosis were the occurrence of tumor-related death. We compared the epidemiological features of AYAs with other age groups. The cancer survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the prognostic factors for cancer survival.The majority of AYA had osteosarcoma 631 (56.2%), while 198 (17.6%) had chondrosarcoma. The frequency of bone sarcoma occurrence was highest among AYA patients, who accounted for a marked proportion of patients with each type of sarcoma. With the exception of sarcoma type, AYA patients did not significantly differ from patients in other age groups for any of the investigated clinicopathological parameters. Cancer survival of AYA patients was significantly higher than in the elderly. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that AYA status was not a predictor of poor cancer survival. However, older age (?65 years) was a predictor of poor cancer survival in patients with overall bone sarcoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma.This epidemiological study is the first to investigate AYA patients with bone sarcoma using the nationwide BSTT Registry. We found that cancer survival of AYA patients was significantly higher than that of the elderly. AYA status was not a predictor of poor cancer survival in Japan.

Project description:ImportanceConcussions are common in sports. Return-to-play protocols can be enhanced by objective biometrics.ObjectiveTo characterize temporal changes of headpulse, a digital biometric, in athletes with sports-related concussion; to explore the association of unstructured physical activity with headpulse changes.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study included headpulse measurements from players in the highest level of amateur Australian Rules Football in South Australia. Analysis included feasibility and validation phases, with the feasibility cohort recruited between August 5, 2021, and September 10, 2021, and the validation cohort recruited between May 5, 2022, and September 3, 2022. Data were analyzed October 2022 through January 2023.InterventionsCranial accelerometry detected micromovements of the head following cardiac contraction (what we have described as "headpulse"). Headpulse was serially recorded for 1 month in concussed individuals.Main outcomes and measuresHeadpulse waveforms underwent frequency transformation analysis per prespecified algorithm. Result Z scores were calculated. Headpulse Z scores exceeding 2 (2 SDs from control means) met an abnormality threshold. Headpulse sensitivity, timing, and duration of change were determined.ResultsA total of 59 control and 43 concussed individuals (44 total concussions; 1 control also concussed, 1 concussed individual injured twice) provided headpulse measurements. The feasibility cohort (all male) included 17 control (median [IQR] age, 23 [19-28] years) and 15 concussed individuals (median [IQR] age, 21 [19-23] years). The validation cohort included 25 female (median [IQR] age, 21 [20-22] years) and 17 male (median [IQR] age, 26 [23-29] years) control individuals, and 8 female (median [IQR] age, 28 [20-31] years) and 20 male (median [IQR] age, 21 [19-23] years) concussed individuals. Headpulse reached abnormality threshold in 26 of 32 concussed individuals (81%; 9% on day 0, 50% by day 2, 90% by day 14). Headpulse alterations lasted 14 days longer than symptoms and were exacerbated by return-to-play or unsupervised physical activity.Conclusions and relevanceIn this study of 101 amateur Australian Rules Football athletes, the digital headpulse biometric was evaluated in 44 sports-related concussions. Compared with controls, new headpulse changes occurred after concussion; this objective metric may complement return-to-play protocols.

Dataset Information

Altered trabecular bone morphology in adolescent and young adult athletes with menstrual dysfunction.

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Altered trabecular bone morphology in adolescent and young adult athletes with menstrual dysfunction.

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