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Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Identifies Cells with Enhanced Stemness for Cellular Therapy.

ABSTRACT: Long-term survival and antitumor immunity of adoptively transferred CD8(+) T cells is dependent on their metabolic fitness, but approaches to isolate therapeutic T cells based on metabolic features are not well established. Here we utilized a lipophilic cationic dye tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) to identify and isolate metabolically robust T cells based on their mitochondrial membrane potential (??m). Comprehensive metabolomic and gene expression profiling demonstrated global features of improved metabolic fitness in low-??m-sorted CD8(+) T cells. Transfer of these low-??m T cells was associated with superior long-term in vivo persistence and an enhanced capacity to eradicate established tumors compared with high-??m cells. Use of ??m-based sorting to enrich for cells with superior metabolic features was observed in CD8(+), CD4(+) T cell subsets, and long-term hematopoietic stem cells. This metabolism-based approach to cell selection may be broadly applicable to therapies involving the transfer of HSC or lymphocytes for the treatment of viral-associated illnesses and cancer.

SUBMITTER: Sukumar M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4747432 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Identifies Cells with Enhanced Stemness for Cellular Therapy.

Sukumar Madhusudhanan M Liu Jie J Mehta Gautam U GU Patel Shashank J SJ Roychoudhuri Rahul R Crompton Joseph G JG Klebanoff Christopher A CA Ji Yun Y Li Peng P Yu Zhiya Z Whitehill Greg D GD Clever David D Eil Robert L RL Palmer Douglas C DC Mitra Suman S Rao Mahadev M Keyvanfar Keyvan K Schrump David S DS Wang Ena E Marincola Francesco M FM Gattinoni Luca L Leonard Warren J WJ Muranski Pawel P Finkel Toren T Restifo Nicholas P NP

Cell metabolism 20151208 1

Long-term survival and antitumor immunity of adoptively transferred CD8(+) T cells is dependent on their metabolic fitness, but approaches to isolate therapeutic T cells based on metabolic features are not well established. Here we utilized a lipophilic cationic dye tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) to identify and isolate metabolically robust T cells based on their mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Comprehensive metabolomic and gene expression profiling demonstrated global features ...[more]

PMID: 26674251

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Project description:IntroductionThe use of flavors in electronic cigarettes appeals to adults and never-smoking youth. Consumption has rapidly increased over the last decade, and in the U.S. market alone, there are over 8000 unique flavors. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has begun to regulate e-liquids, but many have not been tested, and their impact, both at the cellular level, and on human health remains unclear.MethodsWe tested e-liquids on the human cell line HEK293T and measured toxicity, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ m), reactive oxygen species production (ROS), and cellular membrane potential (Vm) using high-throughput screening (HTS) approaches. Our HTS efforts included single-dose and 16-point dose-response curves, which allowed testing of ≥90 commercially available e-liquids in parallel to provide a rapid assessment of cellular effects as a proof of concept for a fast, preliminary toxicity method. We also investigated the chemical composition of the flavors via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.ResultsWe found that e-liquids caused a decrease in ΔΨ m and Vm and an increase in ROS production and toxicity in a dose-dependent fashion. In addition, the presence of five specific chemical components: vanillin, benzyl alcohol, acetoin, cinnamaldehyde, and methyl-cyclopentenolone, but not nicotine, were linked with the changes observed in the cellular traits studied.ConclusionOur data suggest that ΔΨ m, ROS, Vm, and toxicity may be indicative of the extent of cell death upon e-liquid exposure. Further research on the effect of flavors should be prioritized to help policy makers such as the FDA to regulate e-liquid composition.ImplicationsE-liquid cellular toxicity can be predicted using parameters amenable to HTS. Our data suggest that ΔΨ m, ROS, Vm, and toxicity may be indicative of the extent of cell death upon e-liquid exposure, and this toxicity is linked to the chemical composition, that is, flavoring components. Further research on the effect of flavors should be prioritized to help policy makers such as the FDA to regulate e-liquid composition.

Dataset Information

Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Identifies Cells with Enhanced Stemness for Cellular Therapy.

Publications

Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Identifies Cells with Enhanced Stemness for Cellular Therapy.

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