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Nicastrin functions to sterically hinder ?-secretase-substrate interactions driven by substrate transmembrane domain.


ABSTRACT: ?-Secretase is an intramembrane-cleaving protease that processes many type-I integral membrane proteins within the lipid bilayer, an event preceded by shedding of most of the substrate's ectodomain by ?- or ?-secretases. The mechanism by which ?-secretase selectively recognizes and recruits ectodomain-shed substrates for catalysis remains unclear. In contrast to previous reports that substrate is actively recruited for catalysis when its remaining short ectodomain interacts with the nicastrin component of ?-secretase, we find that substrate ectodomain is entirely dispensable for cleavage. Instead, ?-secretase-substrate binding is driven by an apparent tight-binding interaction derived from substrate transmembrane domain, a mechanism in stark contrast to rhomboid--another family of intramembrane-cleaving proteases. Disruption of the nicastrin fold allows for more efficient cleavage of substrates retaining longer ectodomains, indicating that nicastrin actively excludes larger substrates through steric hindrance, thus serving as a molecular gatekeeper for substrate binding and catalysis.

SUBMITTER: Bolduc DM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4747693 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nicastrin functions to sterically hinder γ-secretase-substrate interactions driven by substrate transmembrane domain.

Bolduc David M DM   Montagna Daniel R DR   Gu Yongli Y   Selkoe Dennis J DJ   Wolfe Michael S MS  

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20151222 5


γ-Secretase is an intramembrane-cleaving protease that processes many type-I integral membrane proteins within the lipid bilayer, an event preceded by shedding of most of the substrate's ectodomain by α- or β-secretases. The mechanism by which γ-secretase selectively recognizes and recruits ectodomain-shed substrates for catalysis remains unclear. In contrast to previous reports that substrate is actively recruited for catalysis when its remaining short ectodomain interacts with the nicastrin co  ...[more]

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