Dataset Information

Blood and CSF biomarkers in brain subcortical ischemic vascular disease: Involved pathways and clinical applicability.

ABSTRACT: Vascular dementia is the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Subcortical ischemic vascular disease refers to a form of vascular cognitive impairment characterized by the presence of diffuse white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and multiple lacunar infarcts. These neuroimaging findings are mainly caused by cerebral small-vessel disease (cSVD) and relate to aging and cognitive impairment, but they can also be silent and highly prevalent in otherwise healthy individuals. We aimed to review studies on blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers related to the presence of WMHs and lacunar infarcts that have been conducted in the past in large population-based studies and in high-risk selected patients (such as those with vascular risk factors, vascular cognitive impairment, or AD). Relevant associations with the presence and progression of cSVD have been described in the blood for markers related to inflammatory processes, endothelial damage and coagulation/fibrinolysis processes, etc. Also, different combinations of CSF markers might help to differentiate between etiologic types of dementia. In the future, to translate these findings into clinical practice and use biomarkers to early diagnosis and monitoring vascular cognitive impairment would require the replication of candidate markers in large-scale, multicenter, and prospectively designed studies.

SUBMITTER: Vilar-Bergua A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4758557 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Blood and CSF biomarkers in brain subcortical ischemic vascular disease: Involved pathways and clinical applicability.

Vilar-Bergua A A Riba-Llena I I Nafría C C Bustamante A A Llombart V V Delgado P P Montaner J J

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 20160101 1

Vascular dementia is the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Subcortical ischemic vascular disease refers to a form of vascular cognitive impairment characterized by the presence of diffuse white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and multiple lacunar infarcts. These neuroimaging findings are mainly caused by cerebral small-vessel disease (cSVD) and relate to aging and cognitive impairment, but they can also be silent and highly prevalent in otherwise healthy individu ...[more]

PMID: 25899297

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Project description:Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue sodium levels increase during migraine. However, little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms of sodium homeostasis disturbance in the brain during the onset and propagation of migraine. Exploring the cause of sodium dysregulation in the brain is important, since correction of the altered sodium homeostasis could potentially treat migraine. Under the hypothesis that disturbances in sodium transport mechanisms at the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB) and/or the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are the underlying cause of the elevated CSF and brain tissue sodium levels during migraines, we developed a mechanistic, differential equation model of a rat's brain to compare the significance of the BCSFB and the BBB in controlling CSF and brain tissue sodium levels. The model includes the ventricular system, subarachnoid space, brain tissue and blood. Sodium transport from blood to CSF across the BCSFB, and from blood to brain tissue across the BBB were modeled by influx permeability coefficients P BCSFB and P BBB , respectively, while sodium movement from CSF into blood across the BCSFB, and from brain tissue to blood across the BBB were modeled by efflux permeability coefficients PBCSFB' and PBBB' , respectively. We then performed a global sensitivity analysis to investigate the sensitivity of the ventricular CSF, subarachnoid CSF and brain tissue sodium concentrations to pathophysiological variations in P BCSFB , P BBB , PBCSFB' and PBBB' . Our results show that the ventricular CSF sodium concentration is highly influenced by perturbations of P BCSFB , and to a much lesser extent by perturbations of PBCSFB' . Brain tissue and subarachnoid CSF sodium concentrations are more sensitive to pathophysiological variations of P BBB and PBBB' than variations of P BCSFB and PBCSFB' within 30 min of the onset of the perturbations. However, P BCSFB is the most sensitive model parameter, followed by P BBB and PBBB' , in controlling brain tissue and subarachnoid CSF sodium levels within 3 h of the perturbation onset.

Dataset Information

Blood and CSF biomarkers in brain subcortical ischemic vascular disease: Involved pathways and clinical applicability.

Publications

Blood and CSF biomarkers in brain subcortical ischemic vascular disease: Involved pathways and clinical applicability.

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