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Monitoring EGFR T790M with plasma DNA from lung cancer patients in a prospective observational study.

ABSTRACT: Use of plasma DNA to detect mutations has spread widely as a form of liquid biopsy. EGFR T790M has been observed in half of lung cancer patients who have acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI). Effectiveness of monitoring T790M via plasma DNA during treatment with EGFR-TKI has not been established as an alternative to re-biopsy. This was a prospective multicenter observational study involving non-small cell lung cancer patients carrying EGFR L858R or exon 19 deletions, treated with EGFR-TKI. The primary objective was to determine whether T790M could be detected using plasma DNA in patients with progressive disease (PD). T790M was examined using the mutation-biased PCR and quenching probe (MBP-QP) method, a sensitive, fully-automated system developed in our laboratory. Eighty-nine non-small cell lung cancer patients were enrolled from seven hospitals in Japan. Sequential examinations revealed T790M in plasma DNA among 40% of patients who developed PD. Activating mutations, such as L858R and exon 19 deletions, were detected in 40% of patients using plasma DNA, and either T790M or activating mutations were observed in 62%. Dividing into four periods (before PD, at PD, at discontinuation of EGFR-TKI and subsequently), T790M was detected in 10, 19, 24 and 27% of patients, respectively. Smokers, males, patients having exon 19 deletions and patients who developed new lesions evidenced significantly frequent presence of T790M in plasma DNA. Monitoring T790M with plasma DNA using MBP-QP reflects the clinical course of lung cancer patients treated with EGFR-TKI. Detection of T790M with plasma DNA was correlated with EGFR mutation type, exon 19 deletions and tumor progression. Re-biopsy could be performed only in 14% of PD cases, suggesting difficulty in obtaining re-biopsy specimens in practice. Monitoring T790M with plasma DNA reflects the clinical course, and is potentially useful in designing strategies for subsequent treatment.

SUBMITTER: Sueoka-Aragane N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4768390 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Monitoring EGFR T790M with plasma DNA from lung cancer patients in a prospective observational study.

Sueoka-Aragane Naoko N Katakami Nobuyuki N Satouchi Miyako M Yokota Soichiro S Aoe Keisuke K Iwanaga Kentaro K Otsuka Kojiro K Morita Satoshi S Kimura Shinya S Negoro Shunichi S

Cancer science 20160119 2

Use of plasma DNA to detect mutations has spread widely as a form of liquid biopsy. EGFR T790M has been observed in half of lung cancer patients who have acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI). Effectiveness of monitoring T790M via plasma DNA during treatment with EGFR-TKI has not been established as an alternative to re-biopsy. This was a prospective multicenter observational study involving non-small cell lung cancer patients carrying EGFR L858R or exon 19 deletions, ...[more]

PMID: 26577492

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Project description:In Taiwan, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib are served as first-line therapy for non-small lung cell cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR sensitizing mutations. However, the majority of patients who initially respond to EGFR-TKIs, progress through acquiring EGFR T790M mutations (T790M), which is the most common resistant mechanism. Patients with T790M gain the opportunity of subsequent treatment with third-generation EGFR-TKI, osimertinib. This study aimed to evaluate the association between prior EGFR-TKI therapy and incidence of acquired T790M resistance in lung adenocarcinoma patients who have progressed on first/second-generation EGFR-TKI therapy. This retrospective study included lung adenocarcinoma patients who had a radiographically-confirmed progressive disease under EGFR-TKI treatment and had re-biopsy samples for T790M testing from seven medical centers in Taiwan from June 2013 to December 2018. Patients harboring de novo T790M or using more than one EGFR-TKI were excluded. Of the 407 patients enrolled, the overall T790M acquisition rate was 52.8%. The patients treated with gefitinib, erlotinib or afatinib had a statistically significant difference in the T790M rates (59.9, 45.5, and 52.7%, respectively; p = 0.037) after disease progression. Patients with common baseline EGFR mutations (Del-19 and L858R) (p = 0.005) and longer treatment duration with EGFR-TKIs (p < 0.001) had higher chances of T790M acquisition. Multivariate logistic regression analysis further showed that patients with common baseline EGFR mutations, gefitinib (compared to erlotinib) administration, and longer treatment duration with EGFR-TKIs had higher T790M incidence. There was no significant difference in the incidence of acquired T790M between different re-biopsy tissue samples or complications. In conclusion, this study showed that patients who progressed from gefitinib treatment, bearing common EGFR mutations, and with longer EGFR-TKI treatment duration had increased incidence of T790M acquisition and, therefore, were suitable for subsequent osimertinib treatment.

Project description:Despite clinical approval of erlotinib, most advanced lung cancer patients are primary non-responders. Initial responders invariably develop secondary resistance, which can be accounted for by T790M-EGFR mutation in half of the relapses. We show that MET is highly expressed in lung cancer, often concomitantly with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), including H1975 cell line. The erlotinib-resistant lung cancer cell line H1975, which expresses L858R/T790M-EGFR in-cis, was used to test for the effect of MET inhibition using the small molecule inhibitor SU11274. H1975 cells express wild-type MET, without genomic amplification (CNV = 1.1). At 2 microM, SU 11274 had significant in vitro pro-apoptotic effect in H1975 cells, 3.9-fold (P = 0.0015) higher than erlotinib, but had no effect on the MET and EGFR-negative H520 cells. In vivo, SU11274 also induced significant tumour cytoreduction in H1975 murine xenografts in our bioluminescence molecular imaging assay. Using small-animal microPET/MRI, SU11274 treatment was found to induce an early tumour metabolic response in H1975 tumour xenografts. MET and EGFR pathways were found to exhibit collaborative signalling with receptor cross-activation, which had different patterns between wild type (A549) and L858R/T790M-EGFR (H1975). SU11274 plus erlotinib/CL-387,785 potentiated MET inhibition of downstream cell proliferative survival signalling. Knockdown studies in H1975 cells using siRNA against MET alone, EGFR alone, or both, confirmed the enhanced downstream inhibition with dual MET-EGFR signal path inhibition. Finally, in our time-lapse video-microscopy and in vivo multimodal molecular imaging studies, dual SU11274-erlotinib concurrent treatment effectively inhibited H1975 cells with enhanced abrogation of cytoskeletal functions and complete regression of the xenograft growth. Together, our results suggest that MET-based targeted inhibition using small-molecule MET inhibitor can be a potential treatment strategy for T790M-EGFR-mediated erlotinib-resistant non-small-cell lung cancer. Furthermore, optimised inhibition may be further achieved with MET inhibition in combination with erlotinib or an irreversible EGFR-TKI.

Project description:BackgroundOsimertinib is an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) that is selective for both EGFR-TKI sensitizing and T790M resistance mutations in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. The efficacy of osimertinib as compared with platinum-based therapy plus pemetrexed in such patients is unknown.MethodsIn this randomized, international, open-label, phase 3 trial, we assigned 419 patients with T790M-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, who had disease progression after first-line EGFR-TKI therapy, in a 2:1 ratio to receive either oral osimertinib (at a dose of 80 mg once daily) or intravenous pemetrexed (500 mg per square meter of body-surface area) plus either carboplatin (target area under the curve, 5 [AUC5]) or cisplatin (75 mg per square meter) every 3 weeks for up to six cycles; maintenance pemetrexed was allowed. In all the patients, disease had progressed during receipt of first-line EGFR-TKI therapy. The primary end point was investigator-assessed progression-free survival.ResultsThe median duration of progression-free survival was significantly longer with osimertinib than with platinum therapy plus pemetrexed (10.1 months vs. 4.4 months; hazard ratio; 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23 to 0.41; P<0.001). The objective response rate was significantly better with osimertinib (71%; 95% CI, 65 to 76) than with platinum therapy plus pemetrexed (31%; 95% CI, 24 to 40) (odds ratio for objective response, 5.39; 95% CI, 3.47 to 8.48; P<0.001). Among 144 patients with metastases to the central nervous system (CNS), the median duration of progression-free survival was longer among patients receiving osimertinib than among those receiving platinum therapy plus pemetrexed (8.5 months vs. 4.2 months; hazard ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.49). The proportion of patients with adverse events of grade 3 or higher was lower with osimertinib (23%) than with platinum therapy plus pemetrexed (47%).ConclusionsOsimertinib had significantly greater efficacy than platinum therapy plus pemetrexed in patients with T790M-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (including those with CNS metastases) in whom disease had progressed during first-line EGFR-TKI therapy. (Funded by AstraZeneca; AURA3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02151981 .).

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Monitoring EGFR T790M with plasma DNA from lung cancer patients in a prospective observational study.

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Monitoring EGFR T790M with plasma DNA from lung cancer patients in a prospective observational study.

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