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A Survey of the Gene Repertoire of Gigaspora rosea Unravels Conserved Features among Glomeromycota for Obligate Biotrophy.

ABSTRACT: Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are a diverse group of soil fungi (Glomeromycota) that form the most ancient mutualistic association termed AM symbiosis with a majority of land plants, improving their nutrition uptake and resistance to stresses. In contrast to their great ecological implications, the knowledge of the molecular biological mechanisms involved is still scant, partly due to the limited genomic resources available. Here, we describe the gene repertoire of a new AM fungus Gigaspora rosea (Diversisporales). Among the 86332 non-redundant virtual transcripts assembled, 15346 presented similarities with proteins in the Refseq database and 10175 were assigned with GO terms. KOG and Interpro domain annotations clearly showed an enrichment of genes involved in signal transduction in G. rosea. KEGG pathway analysis indicates that most primary metabolic processes are active in G. rosea. However, as for Rhizophagus irregularis, several metabolic genes were not found, including the fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene. This finding supports the hypothesis that AM fungi depend on the lipids produced by their hosts. Furthermore, the presence of a large number of transporters and 100s of secreted proteins, together with the reduced number of plant cell wall degrading enzymes could be interpreted as an evolutionary adaptation to its mutualistic obligate biotrophy. The detection of meiosis-related genes suggests that G. rosea might use a cryptic sexual process. Lastly, a phylogeny of basal fungi clearly shows Glomeromycota as a sister clade to Mucoromycotina, not only to the Mucorales or Mortierellales. The characterization of the gene repertoire from an AM fungal species belonging to the order of Diversisporales and its comparison with the gene sets of R. irregularis (Glomerales) and Gigaspora margarita (Diversisporales), reveal that AM fungi share several features linked to mutualistic obligate biotrophy. This work contributes to lay the foundation for forthcoming studies into the genomics of Diversisporales, and also illuminates the utility of comparing gene repertoires of species from Diversisporales and other clades of Glomeromycota to gain more insights into the genetics and evolution of this fungal group.

SUBMITTER: Tang N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4771724 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A Survey of the Gene Repertoire of Gigaspora rosea Unravels Conserved Features among Glomeromycota for Obligate Biotrophy.

Tang Nianwu N San Clemente Hélène H Roy Sébastien S Bécard Guillaume G Zhao Bin B Roux Christophe C

Frontiers in microbiology 20160301

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are a diverse group of soil fungi (Glomeromycota) that form the most ancient mutualistic association termed AM symbiosis with a majority of land plants, improving their nutrition uptake and resistance to stresses. In contrast to their great ecological implications, the knowledge of the molecular biological mechanisms involved is still scant, partly due to the limited genomic resources available. Here, we describe the gene repertoire of a new AM fungus Gigaspora ...[more]

PMID: 26973612

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Project description:Purpose: we here adress the gene regulation of G.rosea in response to plant signals in the switch from asymbiotic to presymbiotic growth. Methods: -Strigolactone response: Spores of G.rosea were treated with GR24 (a synthetic strigolactone analog) and collected at 2 days after treatment. Control conditions: spores treated with solvent (M medium acetone 0.1%. Assay and control were performed in triplicates. -Root exsudate response: a cellophane membrane allowing molecule exchanges was deposited on in vitro Daucus carotta roots. Spores were spotted on this membrane and collected 10 days later. Control conditions: spores were spotted on cellophane membrane directly deposited on solid M medium. Assay and control were performed in triplicates. -Fungal gene expression were analyzed on mRNA were sequenced by Illumina HiSeq. sequencing Reads were firstly used in the de novo assembly of Gigaspora rosea Non Redundent Virtual Transcript and then mapped on the assembled transcriptome using CLC genomics workbench. Results: while GR24 triggered the regulation of only few genes which includes 32 genes upregulated (fold chang >2; FDR<0,05, experiment difference>10) and 61 downregulated (fold change < -2; FDR<0,05,experiment difference>10) genes, root exudates regulated several times more genes. A total of 390 genes were up-regulated by root exudates and 442 genes were down-regulated. Moreover, a majority of the genes (23 of 32 upregulated and 25 of 61 downregulated genes) regulated by GR24 were also regulated by root exudates. This is in consistant with the fact that strigolactones secreted from plant root are already characterized as a group of plant signals during AM symbiosis. The result that a large part of genes were differentialy expressed in reponse to root exudates but not GR24 suggested the presence of other plant signals than strigolactones. Conclusions: as a key player during the switch from asymbiotic to presymbiotic growth of G.rosea, plant root secreted signals - including but not limited to striglactones - significantly modified the expression of many G.rosea genes. The genes differentially expressed are mainly involved in oxidation-redution and metabolic processes that might contribute to prepare G.rosea for the following steps of symbiotic association with the host plant.

Dataset Information

A Survey of the Gene Repertoire of Gigaspora rosea Unravels Conserved Features among Glomeromycota for Obligate Biotrophy.

Publications

A Survey of the Gene Repertoire of Gigaspora rosea Unravels Conserved Features among Glomeromycota for Obligate Biotrophy.

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