Neurophysiological responses to unpleasant stimuli (acute electrical stimulations and emotional pictures) are increased in patients with schizophrenia.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Duval CZ
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4776095 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundOpioid misuse is hypothesized to compromise the ability to regulate negative emotions, as manifested through visceral and peripheral physiological signals. However, neurophysiological impairment of top-down cognitive emotion regulation in opioid misuse has not previously been shown.MethodsPatients with chronic pain who had been taking opioids for 90 days or longer (N = 149; female, n = 98) underwent a negative emotion regulation task with electroencephalography. Participants were instructed to view or reappraise negative images presented for 3 seconds. Using a validated cutoff score on the Current Opioid Misuse Measure, participants were classified as exhibiting aberrant drug-related behavior consistent with opioid misuse (MISUSE+) or as being low risk for opioid misuse (MISUSE-). Participants reported their craving in response to negative emotions over the past week.ResultsWe observed a group × condition interaction (p = .003) such that the MISUSE- group decreased the late positive potential of the electroencephalography during reappraisal, whereas the MISUSE+ group showed increased late positive potential during reappraisal. This deficit in negative emotion regulation remained significant after controlling for an array of potential confounding variables, including opioid dose, pain, and depression. Heightened late positive potential during reappraisal was associated with more severe opioid craving.ConclusionsOpioid misuse may occasion top-down deficits in emotional regulation that begin as early as 400 ms after presentation of negative stimuli. It remains unknown whether emotion dysregulation is the cause, correlate, or consequence of opioid misuse. Nonetheless, targeting emotion dysregulation in opioid misuse with reappraisal-focused interventions may represent an important treatment approach.
| S-EPMC9167218 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Previous research indicates that abnormal attention-emotion interactions are related to symptom presentation in individuals with schizophrenia. However, the individual components of attention responsible for this dysfunction are unclear. In the current study we examined the possibility that schizophrenia patients with higher levels of negative symptoms (HI-NEG: n=14) have greater difficulty disengaging attention from unpleasant stimuli than patients with low negative symptoms (LOW-NEG: n=18) or controls (CN: n=27). Participants completed an exogenous emotional cueing task that required them to focus on an initial emotional or neutral cue and subsequently shift attention to a separate location outside of foveal vision to detect a target stimulus (letter). Results indicated that HI-NEG patients had greater difficulty disengaging attention from unpleasant stimuli than CN or LOW-NEG patients; however, behavioral performance did not differ among the groups for pleasant stimuli. Higher self-reported trait negative affect was also associated with greater difficulty disengaging attention from unpleasant stimuli. Abnormalities in disengaging attention from unpleasant stimuli may thus play a critical role in the formation and maintenance of both negative symptoms and trait negative affect in individuals with schizophrenia.
| S-EPMC3159745 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Emotion dysfunction has long been considered a cardinal feature across psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia and affective psychosis. However, few studies have used objective markers of emotional function to compare psychotic disorders to one another, and fewer studies have examined such markers within a longitudinal framework. Here, we examine one objective marker of emotional responsivity, the late positive potential (LPP), which is a centro-parietal event-related potential (ERP) that tracks the dynamic allocation of attention to emotional vs. neutral stimuli. We used the LPP to characterize abnormal emotional responsivity by relating it to negative, depressive, and psychotic symptoms among two clinical groups: individuals diagnosed with affective psychosis and individuals with schizophrenia. We also used a long-term longitudinal framework, examining concurrent associations between LPP amplitude and symptom severity, as well as prospective associations with symptoms 4 years later. Participants were 74 individuals with psychotic illness: 37 with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 37 with a primary affective disorder (psychotic bipolar disorder, psychotic depression). There were no mean-level differences in LPP amplitude between the schizophrenia spectrum and primary affective psychosis group. In the primary affective psychosis group, reduced LPP amplitude was associated with greater depressive, negative, and psychotic symptom severity, both concurrently and at follow-up; associations between LPP and symptoms were not observed within the schizophrenia spectrum group. This pattern of results suggests that the neural correlates of emotion dysfunction may differ across psychotic disorders. One possibility is that schizophrenia is characterized by a decoupling of symptom severity and emotional processing. Such findings underscore the importance of analyzing transdiagnostic samples to determine common or specific symptom relationships across various patient populations.
| S-EPMC6250820 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The conventional method for the sensory evaluation of wine is based on visual, olfactory and gustatory perceptions described by a domain-specific language. This is a complex task, requiring extensive training, which is not feasible from a consumer perspective. The objective of this study was to apply a wine tasting sheet, including sensory and emotional responses, to simplify the recognition of fine white wines by consumers. First, a panel of 15 semi-trained judges evaluated eight sensory attributes through Optimized Descriptive Profile (ODP) methodology. Then, a group of 104 consumers evaluated five white wines with different sensory characteristics using an improved emotional wine tasting sheet. The emotions and sensations most frequently associated with white wines were obtained through the Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) approach. The eight sensory attributes were significant (p-value < 0.05) in the distinction of wines by the ODP. Likewise, the distinction of the wines also provided significant differences in all the emotional and sensory attributes (p-value < 0.05). The different wine styles could be distinguished by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using the semi-trained judges or the consumer responses. The highest score in the "global evaluation" was given to two young, fruity wines characterized by high aromatic "initial impression". The two fine wines, including a 2004 Burgundy Pouilly-Fuissé, were the lowest rated in "initial impression" and "global evaluation", although they were considered by the consumers among the most complex and persistent. These wines were also most frequently associated with unpleasant emotions by the CATA test. The recognition of these fine wine attributes and their incongruity with emotional responses can be used in a rapid way by professionals to explain the different wine styles to consumers.
| S-EPMC7230440 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Directed attention is a fundamental mental resource for voluntarily managing the focus and direction of cognitive resources. The present study investigated how processing of unpleasant and neutral images is affected by emotion and previous directed attention. The results showed that there was enhanced early posterior negativity, anterior N2, and parietal late positive potential (LPP) in response to unpleasant pictures compared to neutral pictures. Furthermore, attention history (i.e., whether stimuli were previously attended to) modulated the amplitudes of the anterior N2 and parietal LPP. Most notably, an interaction between attention history and emotion was found in the LPP: pictures with an 'attended history' evoked larger LPP amplitudes than pictures with an 'unattended history,' but this effect was only significant for unpleasant pictures (not for neutral pictures). These results suggest that directed attention to affective pictures facilitates subsequent neural processing of these pictures, and that this effect was amplified by unpleasant emotions experienced in the LPP. The current findings provide further empirical evidence of a two-stage model of emotion-attention interaction.
| S-EPMC6040230 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Contrary to early conceptualizations of emotional experience in schizophrenia (SZ), recent research indicates that patients do not self-report less in-the-moment pleasure than controls (CN). Rather, patients report experiencing elevated levels of negative emotionality in response to a range of evocative stimuli. In this study, we examined the possibility that elevations in negative emotionality in SZ may reflect an underlying emotion regulation abnormality. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from outpatients with SZ (n = 25) and demographically matched healthy controls (n = 21) during passive viewing of unpleasant and neutral photographs. Unpleasant images were preceded by an audio description that described the image as being either negative or neutral. Neutral images were preceded by neutral audio descriptions. The late positive potential (LPP), an ERP component sensitive to cognitive change strategies, was examined as an index of emotion regulation. Both CN and SZ showed an increased LPP to negatively described unpleasant images compared with neutral images. In addition, CN showed evidence of emotion regulation, as reflected by a smaller LPP for unpleasant images preceded by a neutral descriptor, relative to a negative descriptor. In contrast, SZ patients showed an inability to downregulate emotional response, as evidenced by no difference in the amplitude of the LPP for unpleasant images preceded by negative or neutral descriptors. Findings provide neurophysiological evidence for an emotion regulation abnormality in SZ and suggest that failures in cognitive change may underlie increased negative emotionality in SZ.
| S-EPMC3686456 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In daily life, our emotions are often elicited by a multimodal environment, mainly visual and auditory stimuli. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the symmetrical characteristics of emotional responses to pictures and sounds. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the relationship of attentional states to emotional unimodal stimuli (pictures or sounds) and emotional responses by measuring the pupil diameter, which reflects the emotional arousal associated with increased sympathetic activity. Our hypothesis was that the emotional responses to both the image and sound stimuli are symmetrical: emotion might be suppressed when attentional resources are allocated to another stimulus of the same modality as the emotional stimulus-such as a dot presented at the same time as an emotional image, and a beep sound presented at the same time as an emotional sound. In our two experiments, data for 24 participants were analyzed for a pupillary response. In experiment 1, we investigated the relationship of the attentional state with emotional visual stimuli (International Affective Picture System) and emotional responses by using pupillometry. We set four task conditions to modulate the attentional state (emotional task, no task, visual detection task, and auditory detection task). We observed that the velocity of pupillary dilation was faster during the presentation of emotionally arousing pictures compared to that of neutral ones, regardless of the valence of the pictures. Importantly, this effect was not dependent on the task condition. In experiment 2, we investigated the relationship of the attentional state with emotional auditory sounds (International Affective Digitized Sounds) and emotional responses. We observed a trend towards a significant interaction between the stimulus and the task conditions with regard to the velocity of pupillary dilation. In the emotional and auditory detection tasks, the velocity of pupillary dilation was faster with positive and neutral sounds than negative sounds. However, there were no significant differences between the no task and visual detection task conditions. Taken together, the current data reveal that different pupillary responses were elicited to emotional visual and auditory stimuli, at least in the point that there is no attentional effect to emotional responses to visual stimuli, despite both experiments being sufficiently controlled to be of symmetrical experimental design.
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Project description:Testosterone has been linked to alterations in the activity of emotion neurocircuitry including amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and insula and diminished functional amygdala/prefrontal coupling. Such associations have only ever been studied using acute measures of testosterone, thus little is known about respective relationships with long-term testosterone secretion. Here, we examine associations between hair testosterone concentration (HTC), an index of long-term cumulative testosterone levels and neural reactivity during an emotional passive viewing task using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Forty-six men viewed negative, positive and neutral pictures in the MRI. HTCs were assessed from 2 cm hair segments. The emotional paradigm elicited neural activation in the amygdala, insula and OFC. HTCs were associated with increased reactivity to negative pictures in the insula and increased reactivity to positive pictures in the OFC. We show an association of long-term testosterone levels with increased emotional reactivity in the brain. These results suggest a heightened emotional vigilance in individuals with high trait testosterone levels.
| S-EPMC6917022 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To date, affective and cognitive processing of emotional information in individuals with depressive symptoms have been examined through peripheral psychophysiological measures, event-related potentials, and time-frequency analysis of oscillatory activity. However, electrocortical correlates of emotional and cognitive processing of affective content in depression have not been fully understood. Time-frequency analysis of electroencephalographic activity allows disentangling the brain's parallel processing of information. The present study employed a time-frequency approach to simultaneously examine affective disposition and cognitive processing during the viewing of emotional stimuli in dysphoria. Time-frequency event-related changes were examined during the viewing of pleasant, neutral and unpleasant pictures in 24 individuals with dysphoria and 24 controls. Affective disposition was indexed by delta and alpha power, while theta power was employed as a correlate of cognitive elaboration of the stimuli. Cluster-based statistics revealed a centro-parietal reduction in delta power for pleasant stimuli in individuals with dysphoria relative to controls. Also, dysphoria was characterized by an early fronto-central increase in theta power for unpleasant stimuli relative to neutral and pleasant ones. Comparatively, controls were characterized by a late fronto-central and occipital reduction in theta power for unpleasant stimuli relative to neutral and pleasant. The present study granted novel insights on the interrelated facets of affective elaboration in dysphoria, mainly characterized by a hypoactivation of the approach-related motivational system and a sustained facilitated cognitive processing of unpleasant stimuli.
| S-EPMC9113991 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Pain experience involves a complex relationship between sensory and both emotional and cognitive factors, which appear to be mediated by different neural pathways. Previous evidence has shown that whereas conscious processing of unpleasant stimuli enhances pain perception, the influence of emotions on pain under unaware conditions is much less known. The need to better characterise the relationship between pain processing and emotional factors is crucial for dealing with chronic pain conditions. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the neural correlates relating to the influence of visual masking emotional stimulation on the processing of painful stimuli in chronic pain patients suffering from fibromyalgia (FM). Twenty FM and 22 healthy control (HC) women participated in the study. The experimental masking paradigm consisted of a rapid succession of two types of stimuli, where a masked picture (neutral, negative or pain-related) was followed by a laser stimulus (painful or not painful). LEP activity was recorded at sixty scalp electrodes. An LEP-amplitude approach was used to quantify the main cerebral waves linked to pain response. ANOVAs indicated that the posterior regions of the P1 component were sensitive to experimental manipulation (p<0.05). Specifically, FM patients showed higher amplitudes to painful stimuli preceded by pain-related pictures compared with painful trials preceded by other emotional pictures. The FM group also showed greater amplitudes than those in the HC group in P2a and P2b waves. In addition to the scalp data, at the neural level the posterior cingulate cortex, lingual gyrus and insular cortex showed higher activation in the FM group than in the HC group. Our findings show an early cerebral modulation of pain (as reflected by the P1) in FM patients, suggesting that only pain-related information, even when it is unconsciously perceived, is capable to enhance exogenous (automatic) attention, increasing the neural activity involved in processing painful stimulation. Further research is needed to fully understand unconscious emotional influences on pain in fibromyalgia.
| S-EPMC6550399 | biostudies-literature