Dataset Information

Coping Styles in Twins Discordant for Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Depression.

ABSTRACT: Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression share several clinical and etiological factors. Coping is a critical mediator of the relationship between stress and psychopathology and a point of clinical intervention for all three disorders. However, little is known about their degree of overlap in coping style, or the influence of unique or shared genetic diathesis. In this study, we examined five factors of coping within and across disorder proband and co-twin groups, modeled heritability, and tested for endophenotypic pattern in a sample of twin pairs recruited from the Swedish Twin Registry (N = 420). Although there was substantial phenotypic overlap across disorders, including low levels of Productive, Problem-Focused coping and high levels of Disengagement, each disorder was associated with a unique profile across other dimensions of coping. We also found evidence of heritability for three of five factors, yet little evidence of genotypic overlap among disorders contributing to similar strategy-use.

SUBMITTER: Fortgang RG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4808056 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Coping Styles in Twins Discordant for Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Depression.

Fortgang Rebecca G RG Hultman Christina M CM Cannon Tyrone D TD

Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science 20150707 2

Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression share several clinical and etiological factors. Coping is a critical mediator of the relationship between stress and psychopathology and a point of clinical intervention for all three disorders. However, little is known about their degree of overlap in coping style, or the influence of unique or shared genetic diathesis. In this study, we examined five factors of coping within and across disorder proband and co-twin groups, modeled heritabili ...[more]

PMID: 27022508

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Project description:OBJECTIVE:Family and twin studies indicate substantial overlap of genetic influences on psychotic and mood disorders. Linkage and candidate gene studies have also suggested overlap across schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. The purpose of this study was to apply genomewide association study (GWAS) analysis to address the specificity of genetic effects on these disorders. METHOD:The authors combined GWAS data from three large effectiveness studies of schizophrenia (CATIE, genotyped: N=741), bipolar disorder (STEP-BD, geno-typed: N=1,575), and major depressive disorder (STAR*D, genotyped: N=1,938) as well as from psychiatrically screened control subjects (NIMH-Genetics Repository: N=1,204). A two-stage analytic procedure involving an omnibus test of allele frequency differences among case and control groups was applied, followed by a model selection step to identify the best-fitting model of allelic effects across disorders. RESULTS:The strongest result was seen for a single nucleotide polymorphism near the adrenomedullin (ADM) gene (rs6484218), with the best-fitting model indicating that the effect was specific to bipolar II disorder. Findings also revealed evidence suggesting that several genes may have effects that transcend clinical diagnostic boundaries, including variants in NPAS3 that showed pleiotropic effects across schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. CONCLUSIONS:This study provides the first genomewide significant evidence implicating variants near the ADM gene on chromosome 11p15 in psychopathology, with effects that appear to be specific to bipolar II disorder. Although genomewide significant evidence of cross-disorder effects was not detected, the results provide evidence that there are both pleiotropic and disorder-specific effects on major mental illness and illustrate an approach to dissecting the genetic basis of mood and psychotic disorders that can inform future large-scale cross-disorder GWAS analyses.

Project description:While genetic influences in schizophrenia are substantial, the disorder's molecular genetic basis remains elusive. Progress has been hindered by lack of means to detect nonpenetrant carriers of the predisposing genes and by uncertainties concerning the extent of locus heterogeneity. One approach to solving this complexity is to examine the inheritance of pathophysiological processes mediating between genotype and disease phenotype. Here we evaluate whether deficits in neurocognitive functioning covary with degree of genetic relationship with a proband in the unaffected MZ and DZ co-twins of patients with schizophrenia. Twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia were recruited from a total population cohort and were compared with a demographically balanced sample of control twin pairs, on a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. The following four neuropsychological functions contributed uniquely to the discrimination of degree of genetic loading for schizophrenia and, when combined, were more highly correlated within MZ pairs than within DZ pairs, in both discordant and control twins: spatial working memory (i.e., remembering a sequence of spatial locations over a brief delay), divided attention (i.e., simultaneous performance of a counting and visual-search task), intrusions during recall of a word list (i.e., "remembering" nonlist items), and choice reaction time to visual targets. Together with evidence from human and animal studies of mediation of these functions by partially distinct brain systems, our findings suggest that there are multiple independently inherited dimensions of neural deficit in schizophrenia and encourage a search for genes contributing to quantitative variation in discrete aspects of disease liability. On tests of verbal and visual episodic memory, but not on the liability-related measures, patients were more impaired than their own MZ co-twins, suggesting a preferential impact of nongenetic influences on long-term memory systems.

Dataset Information

Coping Styles in Twins Discordant for Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Depression.

Publications

Coping Styles in Twins Discordant for Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Depression.

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