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The Developmental Toxicity of Complex Silica-Embedded Nickel Nanoparticles Is Determined by Their Physicochemical Properties.

ABSTRACT: Complex engineered nanomaterials (CENs) are a rapidly developing class of structurally and compositionally complex materials that are expected to dominate the next generation of functional nanomaterials. The development of methods enabling rapid assessment of the toxicity risk associated with this type of nanomaterial is therefore critically important. We evaluated the toxicity of three differently structured nickel-silica nanomaterials as prototypical CENs: simple, surface-deposited Ni-SiO2 and hollow and non-hollow core-shell Ni@SiO2 materials (i.e., ~1-2 nm Ni nanoparticles embedded into porous silica shells with and without a central cavity, respectively). Zebrafish embryos were exposed to these CENs, and morphological (survival and malformations) and physiological (larval motility) endpoints were coupled with thorough characterization of physiochemical characteristics (including agglomeration, settling and nickel ion dissolution) to determine how toxicity differed between these CENs and equivalent quantities of Ni2+ salt (based on total Ni). Exposure to Ni2+ ions strongly compromised zebrafish larva viability, and surviving larvae showed severe malformations. In contrast, exposure to the equivalent amount of Ni CEN did not result in these abnormalities. Interestingly, exposure to Ni-SiO2 and hollow Ni@SiO2 provoked abnormalities of zebrafish larval motor function, indicating developmental toxicity, while non-hollow Ni@SiO2 showed no toxicity. Correlating these observations with physicochemical characterization of the CENs suggests that the toxicity of the Ni-SiO2 and hollow Ni@SiO2 material may result partly from an increased effective exposure at the bottom of the well due to rapid settling. Overall, our data suggest that embedding nickel NPs in a porous silica matrix may be a straightforward way to mitigate their toxicity without compromising their functional properties. At the same time, our results also indicate that it is critical to consider modification of the effective exposure when comparing different nanomaterial configurations, because effective exposure might influence NP toxicity more than specific "nano-chemistry" effects.

SUBMITTER: Mahoney S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4816503 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Developmental Toxicity of Complex Silica-Embedded Nickel Nanoparticles Is Determined by Their Physicochemical Properties.

Mahoney Sharlee S Najera Michelle M Bai Qing Q Burton Edward A EA Veser Götz G

PloS one 20160331 3

Complex engineered nanomaterials (CENs) are a rapidly developing class of structurally and compositionally complex materials that are expected to dominate the next generation of functional nanomaterials. The development of methods enabling rapid assessment of the toxicity risk associated with this type of nanomaterial is therefore critically important. We evaluated the toxicity of three differently structured nickel-silica nanomaterials as prototypical CENs: simple, surface-deposited Ni-SiO2 and ...[more]

PMID: 27031643

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Project description:BackgroundMetal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used in many industrial and biomedical applications, hence their impact on occupational and public health has become a concern. In recent years, interest on the effect that exposure to NPs may exert on human reproduction has grown, however data are still scant. In the present work, we investigated whether different metal oxide NPs interfere with mouse cumulus cell-oocyte complex (COC) expansion.MethodsMouse COCs from pre-ovulatory follicles were cultured in vitro in the presence of various concentrations of two types of TiO2 NPs (JRC NM-103 and NM-104) and four types of ZnO NPs (JRC NM-110, NM-111, and in-house prepared uncoated and SiO2-coated NPs) and the organization of a muco-elastic extracellular matrix by cumulus cells during the process named cumulus expansion was investigated.ResultsWe show that COC expansion was not affected by the presence of both types of TiO2 NPs at all tested doses, while ZnO NM-110 and NM-111 induced strong toxicity and inhibited COCs expansion at relatively low concentration. Medium conditioned by these NPs showed lower toxicity, suggesting that, beside ion release, inhibition of COC expansion also depends on NPs per se. To further elucidate this, we compared COC expansion in the presence of uncoated or SiO2-coated NPs. Differently from the uncoated NPs, SiO2-coated NPs underwent slower dissolution, were not internalized by the cells, and showed an overall lower toxicity. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that ZnO NPs, but not SiO2-coated ZnO NPs, affected the expression of genes fundamental for COC expansion. Dosimetry analysis revealed that the delivered-to-cell mass fractions for both NPs was very low.ConclusionsAltogether, these results suggest that chemical composition, dissolution, and cell internalization are all responsible for the adverse effects of the tested NPs and support the importance of a tailored, safer-by-design production of NPs to reduce toxicity.

Project description:Purpose: In the last decades, the advancements of nanotechnologies lead to a massive increase of engineered nanoparticles in consumer products, which translates in an increased human and environmental exposure to nanomaterials. For humans, inhalation is considered as the main exposure route to nanomaterials, which is the reason why lung toxicity studies should be considered as a priority. Inhalation studies are often performed in vivo in rodents. Therefore, in vitro models may represent a valid and efficient alternative to predict the acute toxicity effects of inhaled NPs on human health. The model used in this study represents the human alveolar barrier; it is constituted by four different human pulmonary cell lines (EA.hy 296 on the basolateral side; A549, HMC-1 and macrophage-like cells in the apical side). The cells in the apical side were cultivated at the air-liquid-interface (ALI) and they have been exposed to AuNPs with the VitroCell® Cloud System. Results: We describe the effects after 24 hours of exposure to three different gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in order to evaluate the suitability of our model to assess the toxicological effects of particles. The set of PEGylated AuNPs used included spheres (GNPs), rods (GNRs) and stars (GNSs). The exposure did not cause any significant decrease of viability; all the AuNPs caused cytotoxicity and increase of IL-8 levels at the highest dose. The AuNP were up-taken by the cells in the apical side and they also translocated in the basolateral side. Regarding the global transcript, among differentially expressed genes (DEG) were found genes related to the enhancement of immune cells. Conclusion: AuNPs in the used range of concentrations did not cause severe effects on the co-culture, but different effects were observed for the different types of AuNPs supporting the role of the physico-chemical NP parameters in NP-cell interactions. In addition, our model resulted perfectly suitable to investigate the biological effects of particles especially in terms of inflammatory response and translocation.

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The Developmental Toxicity of Complex Silica-Embedded Nickel Nanoparticles Is Determined by Their Physicochemical Properties.

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The Developmental Toxicity of Complex Silica-Embedded Nickel Nanoparticles Is Determined by Their Physicochemical Properties.

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