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Dapagliflozin's Effects on Glycemia and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in High-Risk Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 24-Week, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study With a 28-Week Extension.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:To assess the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin, a selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, compared with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), documented pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD), and a history of hypertension. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:Patients (N = 922) were randomized to receive 10 mg dapagliflozin or placebo in a double-blind trial for 24 weeks, followed by a 28-week extension period. In patients receiving insulin, the insulin dose was reduced by 25% at randomization. Patients were stratified by age, insulin use, and time from the most recent qualifying cardiovascular (CV) event. Co-primary end points were a change from baseline in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and the proportion of patients achieving a combined reduction in HbA1c of ?0.5% (5.5 mmol/mol), body weight (BW) of ?3%, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) of ?3 mmHg. RESULTS:At 24 weeks, dapagliflozin significantly reduced HbA1c (-0.38% [-4.2 mmol/mol]) from baseline (8.18%) compared with a slight increase with placebo from baseline (8.08%) (0.08% [0.9 mmol/mol]). Significantly more patients met the three-item end point with treatment with dapagliflozin than with placebo (11.7% vs. 0.9%, respectively). Changes were maintained over 52 weeks. Although ?42% of patients were ?65 years old, similar results were observed in both age-stratified groups. Serious adverse events, hypoglycemia, urinary tract infections, and cardiac disorders were similar between groups. Adverse events of hypotension, dehydration, hypovolemia, genital infection, and renal failure or impairment occurred more often with dapagliflozin treatment. CONCLUSIONS:In this study that evaluated T2D patients who were at high risk for future CVD events, dapagliflozin administration had significantly greater effects in reducing HbA1c, BW, and SBP, without adversely impacting CV safety when compared with placebo treatment.

SUBMITTER: Cefalu WT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4831907 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dapagliflozin's Effects on Glycemia and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in High-Risk Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 24-Week, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study With a 28-Week Extension.

Cefalu William T WT Leiter Lawrence A LA de Bruin Tjerk W A TW Gause-Nilsson Ingrid I Sugg Jennifer J Parikh Shamik J SJ

Diabetes care 20150407 7

<h4>Objective</h4>To assess the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin, a selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, compared with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), documented pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD), and a history of hypertension.<h4>Research design and methods</h4>Patients (N = 922) were randomized to receive 10 mg dapagliflozin or placebo in a double-blind trial for 24 weeks, followed by a 28-week extension period. In patients receiving insulin, the insu ...[more]

PMID: 25852208

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Project description:OBJECTIVES:The long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of paliperidone extended-release (ER) were evaluated in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. METHODS:Patients (aged ?18 years) with schizophrenia (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria) who had completed run-in (8-week), stabilization (6-week), and double-blind (DB) phases (variable) of a phase-3, placebo-controlled study entered this 24-week, open-label extension (OLE) study. These patients, who had either experienced a relapse or remained relapse-free through DB phase of the study, were treated with flexible-dose paliperidone-ER (3-12 mg/day) during the OLE phase. Major safety evaluations included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and extrapyramidal symptoms. Efficacy endpoints included changes in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score, Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale, and Personal and Social Performance scale from OLE baseline to OLE endpoint. RESULTS:Out of 106 patients who entered the OLE phase (placebo: 59, paliperidone-ER: 47), a total of 85 (80%) completed it. Thirty-five (33%) patients experienced at least one TEAE; most common were akathisia, somnolence, nasopharyngitis, and constipation (3.8% each). Serious TEAEs were noted in two patients (completed suicide; schizophrenia worsening). No TEAEs with an onset during the OLE phase led to discontinuation. Extrapyramidal symptoms related-TEAEs were reported in eight (7.5%) patients. Mean (standard deviation) changes in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total scores (-10.4 [13.2]), Clinical Global Impression-Severity scores (-0.6 [0.96]) and Personal and Social Performance scores (7.4 [13.2]) from OLE baseline to OLE endpoint showed patients who had been treated with placebo during the DB phase experienced more pronounced improvements. CONCLUSION:In this OLE study, flexibly dosed paliperidone-ER (3-12 mg/day) was tolerable and efficacious in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.

Project description:IntroductionCurcumin is a polyphenolic compound derived from the plant Curcuma Long Lin that has been demonstrated to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects as well as effects on reducing beta-amyloid aggregation. It reduces pathology in transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is a promising candidate for treating human AD. The purpose of the current study is to generate tolerability and preliminary clinical and biomarker efficacy data on curcumin in persons with AD.MethodsWe performed a 24-week randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study of Curcumin C3 Complex(®) with an open-label extension to 48 weeks. Thirty-six persons with mild-to-moderate AD were randomized to receive placebo, 2 grams/day, or 4 grams/day of oral curcumin for 24 weeks. For weeks 24 through 48, subjects that were receiving curcumin continued with the same dose, while subjects previously receiving placebo were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to 2 grams/day or 4 grams/day. The primary outcome measures were incidence of adverse events, changes in clinical laboratory tests and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) at 24 weeks in those completing the study. Secondary outcome measures included the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study - Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL) scale, levels of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 in plasma and levels of Aβ1-42, t-tau, p-tau181 and F2-isoprostanes in cerebrospinal fluid. Plasma levels of curcumin and its metabolites up to four hours after drug administration were also measured.ResultsMean age of completers (n = 30) was 73.5 years and mean Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score was 22.5. One subject withdrew in the placebo (8%, worsened memory) and 5/24 subjects withdrew in the curcumin group (21%, 3 due to gastrointestinal symptoms). Curcumin C3 Complex(®) was associated with lowered hematocrit and increased glucose levels that were clinically insignificant. There were no differences between treatment groups in clinical or biomarker efficacy measures. The levels of native curcumin measured in plasma were low (7.32 ng/mL).ConclusionsCurcumin was generally well-tolerated although three subjects on curcumin withdrew due to gastrointestinal symptoms. We were unable to demonstrate clinical or biochemical evidence of efficacy of Curcumin C3 Complex(®) in AD in this 24-week placebo-controlled trial although preliminary data suggest limited bioavailability of this compound.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00099710.

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Dataset Information

Dapagliflozin's Effects on Glycemia and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in High-Risk Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 24-Week, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study With a 28-Week Extension.

Publications

Dapagliflozin's Effects on Glycemia and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in High-Risk Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 24-Week, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study With a 28-Week Extension.

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