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Th17 Cells Are Preferentially Infected Very Early after Vaginal Transmission of SIV in Macaques.


ABSTRACT: The difficulty in detecting rare infected cells immediately after mucosal HIV transmission has hindered our understanding of the initial cells targeted by the virus. Working with the macaque simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaginal challenge model, we developed methodology to identify discrete foci of SIV (mac239) infection 48 hr after vaginal inoculation. We find infectious foci throughout the reproductive tract, from labia to ovary. Phenotyping infected cells reveals that SIV has a significant bias for infection of CCR6+ CD4+ T cells. SIV-infected cells expressed the transcriptional regulator ROR?t, confirming that the initial target cells are specifically of the Th17 lineage. Furthermore, we detect host responses to infection, as evidenced by apoptosis, cell lysis, and phagocytosis of infected cells. Thus, our analysis identifies Th17-lineage CCR6+ CD4+ T cells as primary targets of SIV during vaginal transmission. This opens new opportunities for interventions to protect these cells and prevent HIV transmission.

SUBMITTER: Stieh DJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4841252 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Th17 Cells Are Preferentially Infected Very Early after Vaginal Transmission of SIV in Macaques.

Stieh Daniel J DJ   Matias Edgar E   Xu Huanbin H   Fought Angela J AJ   Blanchard James L JL   Marx Preston A PA   Veazey Ronald S RS   Hope Thomas J TJ  

Cell host & microbe 20160401 4


The difficulty in detecting rare infected cells immediately after mucosal HIV transmission has hindered our understanding of the initial cells targeted by the virus. Working with the macaque simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaginal challenge model, we developed methodology to identify discrete foci of SIV (mac239) infection 48 hr after vaginal inoculation. We find infectious foci throughout the reproductive tract, from labia to ovary. Phenotyping infected cells reveals that SIV has a signific  ...[more]

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