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Crossover Inhibition Generates Sustained Visual Responses in the Inner Retina.

ABSTRACT: In daylight, the input to the retinal circuit is provided primarily by cone photoreceptors acting as band-pass filters, but the retinal output also contains neuronal populations transmitting sustained signals. Using in vivo imaging of genetically encoded calcium reporters, we investigated the circuits that generate these sustained channels within the inner retina of zebrafish. In OFF bipolar cells, sustained transmission was found to depend on crossover inhibition from the ON pathway through GABAergic amacrine cells. In ON bipolar cells, the amplitude of low-frequency signals was regulated by glycinergic amacrine cells, while GABAergic inhibition regulated the gain of band-pass signals. We also provide the first functional description of a subset of sustained ON bipolar cells in which synaptic activity was suppressed by fluctuations at frequencies above ?0.2 Hz. These results map out the basic circuitry by which the inner retina generates sustained visual signals and describes a new function of crossover inhibition.

SUBMITTER: Rosa JM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4848346 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Crossover Inhibition Generates Sustained Visual Responses in the Inner Retina.

Rosa Juliana M JM Ruehle Sabine S Ding Huayu H Lagnado Leon L

Neuron 20160407 2

In daylight, the input to the retinal circuit is provided primarily by cone photoreceptors acting as band-pass filters, but the retinal output also contains neuronal populations transmitting sustained signals. Using in vivo imaging of genetically encoded calcium reporters, we investigated the circuits that generate these sustained channels within the inner retina of zebrafish. In OFF bipolar cells, sustained transmission was found to depend on crossover inhibition from the ON pathway through GAB ...[more]

PMID: 27068790

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Project description:BackgroundRetinal optical coherence tomography findings in Lewy body diseases and their implications for visual outcomes remain controversial. We investigated whether region-specific thickness analysis of retinal layers could improve the detection of macular atrophy and unravel its association with visual disability in Parkinson's disease.MethodsPatients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (n = 63), dementia with Lewy bodies (n = 8), and E46K mutation carriers in the α-synuclein gene (E46K-SNCA) (n = 4) and 34 controls underwent Spectralis optical coherence tomography macular scans and a comprehensive battery of visual function and cognition tests. We computed mean retinal layer thicknesses of both eyes within 1-, 2-, 3-, and 6-mm diameter macular discs and in concentric parafoveal (1- to 2-mm, 2- to 3-mm, 1- to 3-mm) and perifoveal (3- to 6-mm) rings. Group differences in imaging parameters and their relationship with visual outcomes were analyzed. A multivariate logistic model was developed to predict visual impairment from optical coherence tomography measurements in Parkinson's disease, and cutoff values were determined with receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsWhen compared with controls, patients with dementia with Lewy bodies had significant thinning of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer complex within the central 3-mm disc mainly because of differences in 1- to 3-mm parafoveal thickness. This parameter was strongly correlated in patients, but not in controls, with low contrast visual acuity and visual cognition outcomes (P < .05, False Discovery Rate), achieving 88% of accuracy in predicting visual impairment in Parkinson's disease.ConclusionOur findings support that parafoveal thinning of ganglion cell-inner plexiform complex is a sensitive and clinically relevant imaging biomarker for Lewy body diseases, specifically for Parkinson's disease. © 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Dataset Information

Crossover Inhibition Generates Sustained Visual Responses in the Inner Retina.

Publications

Crossover Inhibition Generates Sustained Visual Responses in the Inner Retina.

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