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Small Molecule Targeting of a MicroRNA Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

ABSTRACT: Development of precision therapeutics is of immense interest, particularly as applied to the treatment of cancer. By analyzing the preferred cellular RNA targets of small molecules, we discovered that 5"-azido neomycin B binds the Drosha processing site in the microRNA (miR)-525 precursor. MiR-525 confers invasive properties to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Although HCC is one of the most common cancers, treatment options are limited, making the disease often fatal. Herein, we find that addition of 5"-azido neomycin B and its FDA-approved precursor, neomycin B, to an HCC cell line selectively inhibits production of the mature miRNA, boosts a downstream protein, and inhibits invasion. Interestingly, neomycin B is a second-line agent for hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and bacterial infections due to cirrhosis. Our results provocatively suggest that neomycin B, or second-generation derivatives, may be dual functioning molecules to treat both HE and HCC. Collectively, these studies show that rational design approaches can be tailored to disease-associated RNAs to afford potential lead therapeutics.

SUBMITTER: Childs-Disney JL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4856042 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Small Molecule Targeting of a MicroRNA Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Childs-Disney Jessica L JL Disney Matthew D MD

ACS chemical biology 20151207 2

Development of precision therapeutics is of immense interest, particularly as applied to the treatment of cancer. By analyzing the preferred cellular RNA targets of small molecules, we discovered that 5"-azido neomycin B binds the Drosha processing site in the microRNA (miR)-525 precursor. MiR-525 confers invasive properties to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Although HCC is one of the most common cancers, treatment options are limited, making the disease often fatal. Herein, we find that ...[more]

PMID: 26551630

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Project description:Background: Afatinib is an irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and it plays a role in hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). This study aimed to screen a key gene associated with afatinib and identify its potential candidate drugs. Methods: We screened afatinib-associated differential expressed genes based on transcriptomic data of LIHC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus, and the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Database (HCCDB). By using the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer 2 database, we determined candidate genes using analysis of the correlation between differential genes and half-maximal inhibitory concentration. Survival analysis of candidate genes was performed in the TCGA dataset and validated in HCCDB18 and GSE14520 datasets. Immune characteristic analysis identified a key gene, and we found potential candidate drugs using CellMiner. We also evaluated the correlation between the expression of ADH1B and its methylation level. Furthermore, Western blot analysis was performed to validate the expression of ADH1B in normal hepatocytes LO2 and LIHC cell line HepG2. Results: We screened eight potential candidate genes (ASPM, CDK4, PTMA, TAT, ADH1B, ANXA10, OGDHL, and PON1) associated with afatinib. Patients with higher ASPM, CDK4, PTMA, and TAT exhibited poor prognosis, while those with lower ADH1B, ANXA10, OGDHL, and PON1 had unfavorable prognosis. Next, ADH1B was identified as a key gene negatively correlated with the immune score. The expression of ADH1B was distinctly downregulated in tumor tissues of pan-cancer. The expression of ADH1B was negatively correlated with ADH1B methylation. Small-molecule drugs panobinostat, oxaliplatin, ixabepilone, and seliciclib were significantly associated with ADH1B. The protein level of ADH1B was significantly downregulated in HepG2 cells compared with LO2 cells. Conclusion: Our study provides ADH1B as a key afatinib-related gene, which is associated with the immune microenvironment and can be used to predict the prognosis of LIHC. It is also a potential target of candidate drugs, sharing a promising approach to the development of novel drugs for the treatment of LIHC.

Project description:The 26S proteasome is the principal protease for regulated intracellular proteolysis. This multi-subunit complex is also pivotal for clearance of harmful proteins that are produced throughout the lifetime of eukaryotes. Recent structural and kinetic studies have revealed a multitude of conformational states of the proteasome in substrate-free and substrate-engaged forms. These conformational transitions demonstrate that proteasome is a highly dynamic machinery during substrate processing that can be also controlled by a number of proteasome-associated factors. Essentially, three distinct family of deubiquitinases-USP14, RPN11, and UCH37-are associated with the 19S regulatory particle of human proteasome. USP14 and UCH37 are capable of editing ubiquitin conjugates during the process of their dynamic engagement into the proteasome prior to the catalytic commitment. In contrast, RPN11-mediated deubiquitination is directly coupled to substrate degradation by sensing the proteasome's conformational switch into the commitment steps. Therefore, proteasome-bound deubiquitinases are likely to tailor the degradation events in accordance with substrate processing steps and for dynamic proteolysis outcomes. Recent chemical screening efforts have yielded highly selective small-molecule inhibitors for targeting proteasomal deubiquitinases, such as USP14 and RPN11. USP14 inhibitors, IU1 and its progeny, were found to promote the degradation of a subset of substrates probably by overriding USP14-imposed checkpoint on the proteasome. On the other hand, capzimin, a RPN11 inhibitor, stabilized the proteasome substrates and showed the anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells. It is highly conceivable that these specific inhibitors will aid to dissect the role of each deubiquitinase on the proteasome. Moreover, customized targeting of proteasome-associated deubiquitinases may also provide versatile therapeutic strategies for induced or repressed protein degradation depending on proteolytic demand and cellular context.

Project description:Metastasis is responsible for the rapid recurrence and poor survival of malignancies. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has a critical role in metastasis. Increasing evidence indicates that EMT can be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-26b in modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as to identify its underlying mechanism of action.The expression level of miR-26b was assessed in multiple HCC cell lines (HepG2, MHCC97H, Hep3B, MHCC97L, HCCC9810, BEL-7402, Huh7 and QGY-7703), as well as in liver tissue from patients with HCC. Follow-up studies examined the effects of a miR-26b mimic (increased expression) and a miR-26b inhibitor (decreased expression) on markers of EMT, wound healing and cell migration. The molecular target of miR-26b was also identified using a computer algorithm and confirmed experimentally.MiR-26b expression was decreased in HCC cell lines and was inversely correlated with the grade of HCC. Increased expression of miR-26b inhibited the migration and invasiveness of HCC cell lines, which was accompanied by decreased expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and increased expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin, at both the mRNA and protein expression levels. A binding site for miR-26b was theoretically identified in the 3'UTR of USP9X. Further studies revealed that overexpression of miR-26b repressed the endogenous level of USP9X protein expression. Overexpression of miR-26b also repressed Smad4 expression, whereas its inhibition elevated Smad4 expression.Taken together, our results indicate that miR-26b were inhibited in HCC. In HCC cell lines, miR-26b targeted the 3'UTR of USP9X, which in turn affects EMT through Smad4 and the TGF-? signaling pathway. Our analysis of clinical HCC samples verifies that miR-26b also targets USP9X expression to inhibit the EMT of hepatocytes. Thus, miR-26b may have some effects on the EMT of HCC cells.

Dataset Information

Small Molecule Targeting of a MicroRNA Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

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Small Molecule Targeting of a MicroRNA Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

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