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An evaluation of Minor Groove Binders as anti-Trypanosoma brucei brucei therapeutics.

ABSTRACT: A series of 32 structurally diverse MGBs, derived from the natural product distamycin, was evaluated for activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Four compounds have been found to possess significant activity, in the nanomolar range, and represent hits for further optimisation towards novel treatments for Human and Animal African Trypanosomiases. Moreover, SAR indicates that the head group linking moiety is a significant modulator of biological activity.

SUBMITTER: Scott FJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4872591 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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An evaluation of Minor Groove Binders as anti-Trypanosoma brucei brucei therapeutics.

Scott Fraser J FJ Khalaf Abedawn I AI Giordani Federica F Wong Pui Ee PE Duffy Sandra S Barrett Michael M Avery Vicky M VM Suckling Colin J CJ

European journal of medicinal chemistry 20160329

A series of 32 structurally diverse MGBs, derived from the natural product distamycin, was evaluated for activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Four compounds have been found to possess significant activity, in the nanomolar range, and represent hits for further optimisation towards novel treatments for Human and Animal African Trypanosomiases. Moreover, SAR indicates that the head group linking moiety is a significant modulator of biological activity. ...[more]

PMID: 27060763

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Functional and structural analysis of AT-specific minor groove binders that disrupt DNA-protein interactions and cause disintegration of the Trypanosoma brucei kinetoplast.

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Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel DNA Minor Groove Binders as Antiamoebic Agents.

Project description:The free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii is responsible for the central nervous infection granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and sight-threatening infection Acanthamoeba keratitis. Moreover, no effective treatment is currently present, and a combination drug therapy is used. In this study, twelve DNA minor groove binders (MGBs) were synthesized and tested for their antiamoebic activity via amoebicidal, encystation, excystation, and cytopathogenicity assays. It was found that the compounds MGB3, MGB6, MGB22, MGB24, and MGB16 significantly reduce amoeba viability to 76.20%, 59.45%, 66.5%, 39.32%, and 43.21%, respectively, in amoebicidal assays. Moreover, the compounds MGB6, MGB20, MGB22, MGB28, MGB30, MGB32, and MGB16 significantly inhibit Acanthamoeba cysts, leading to the development of only 46.3%, 39%, 30.3%, 29.6%, 27.8%, 41.5%, and 45.6% cysts. Additionally, the compounds MGB3, MGB4, MGB6, MGB22, MGB24, MGB28, MGB32, and MGB16 significantly reduce the re-emergence of cysts to trophozoites, with viable trophozoites being only 64.3%, 47.3%, 41.4%, 52.9%, 55.4%, 40.6%, 62.1%, and 51.7%. Moreover, the compounds MGB3, MGB4, and MGB6 exhibited the greatest reduction in amoeba-mediated host-cell death, with cell death reduced to 41.5%, 49.4%, and 49.5%. With the following determined, future in vivo studies can be carried out to understand the effect of the compounds on animal models such as mice.

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Microscopic rearrangement of bound minor groove binders detected by NMR.

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Modulation of NF-kB-Dependent Gene Transcription Using Programmable DNA Minor Groove Binders

Project description:Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kB) is a transcription factor that regulates various aspects of immune response, cell death and differentiation as well as cancer. In this study we introduce the Py-Im polyamide 1 that binds preferentially to the sequences 5'-WGGWWW-3' and 5' GGGWWW-3'. The compound is capable of binding to kB sites and reducing the expression of various NF-kB driven genes including IL6 and IL8 by qRT-PCR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate a reduction of p65 occupancy within the proximal promoters of those genes. Genome-wide expression analysis by RNA-seq compares the DNA-binding polyamide with the well-characterized NF-kB inhibitor PS1145, identifying overlaps and differences in affected gene groups and showing that both affect comparable numbers of TNFa inducible genes. Inhibition of NF-kB DNA binding via direct displacement of the transcription factor is a potential alternative to the existing antagonists.

2011-12-12 | GSE34329 | GEO

Dissociation of minor groove binders from DNA: insights from metadynamics simulations.

Project description:We have used metadynamics to investigate the mechanism of noncovalent dissociation from DNA by two representatives of alkylating and noncovalent minor groove (MG) binders. The compounds are anthramycin in its anhydrous form (IMI) and distamycin A (DST), which differ in mode of binding, size, flexibility and net charge. This choice enables to evaluate the influence of such factors on the mechanism of dissociation. Dissociation of IMI requires an activation free energy of approximately 12 kcal/mol and occurs via local widening of the MG and loss of contacts between the drug and one DNA strand, along with the insertion of waters in between. The detachment of DST occurs at a larger free energy cost, approximately 16.5 or approximately 18 kcal/mol depending on the binding mode. These values compare well with that of 16.6 kcal/mol extracted from stopped-flow experiments. In contrast to IMI, an intermediate is found in which the ligand is anchored to the DNA through its amidinium tail. From this conformation, binding and unbinding occur almost at the same rate. Comparison between DST and with kinetic models for the dissociation of Hoechst 33258 from DNA uncovers common characteristics across different classes of noncovalent MG ligands.

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Modulation of NF-kB-Dependent Gene Transcription Using Programmable DNA Minor Groove Binders

2011-12-12 | E-GEOD-34329 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Modulation of NF-κB-dependent gene transcription using programmable DNA minor groove binders.

Project description:Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that regulates various aspects of immune response, cell death, and differentiation as well as cancer. In this study we introduce the Py-Im polyamide 1 that binds preferentially to the sequences 5'-WGGWWW-3' and 5'GGGWWW-3'. The compound is capable of binding to κB sites and reducing the expression of various NF-κB-driven genes including IL6 and IL8 by qRT-PCR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate a reduction of p65 occupancy within the proximal promoters of those genes. Genome-wide expression analysis by RNA-seq compares the DNA-binding polyamide with the well-characterized NF-κB inhibitor PS1145, identifies overlaps and differences in affected gene groups, and shows that both affect comparable numbers of TNF-α-inducible genes. Inhibition of NF-κB DNA binding via direct displacement of the transcription factor is a potential alternative to the existing antagonists.

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Four pyrrole derivatives used as building blocks in the synthesis of minor-groove binders.

Project description:The title nitro-pyrrole-based compounds, C7H8N2O4, (I) (ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxyl-ate), its derivative C12H14N2O4, (II) [ethyl 4-nitro-1-(4-pent-yn-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxyl-ate], C15H26N4O3, (III) {N-[3-(di-methyamino)prop-yl]-1-isopentyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide}, and C20H27N9O5, (IV) {1-(3-azido-prop-yl)-4-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamido)-N-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)eth-yl]-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide}, are inter-mediates used in the synthesis of modified DNA minor-groove binders. In all four compounds, the nitro groups lie in the plane of the pyrrole ring. In compounds (I) and (II), the ester groups also lie in the plane of the pyrrole ring. In compound (III), both of the other substituents lie out of the plane of the pyrrole ring. In the case of compound (IV), the coplanarity extends to the second pyrrole ring and through both amide groups. In the crystals of all four compounds, layer-like structures are formed, via a combination of N-H?O and C-H?O hydrogen bonds for (I), (III) and (IV), but by only C-H?O hydrogen bonds for (II).

| S-EPMC5290577 | biostudies-literature

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