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An evaluation of Minor Groove Binders as anti-Trypanosoma brucei brucei therapeutics.

ABSTRACT: A series of 32 structurally diverse MGBs, derived from the natural product distamycin, was evaluated for activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Four compounds have been found to possess significant activity, in the nanomolar range, and represent hits for further optimisation towards novel treatments for Human and Animal African Trypanosomiases. Moreover, SAR indicates that the head group linking moiety is a significant modulator of biological activity.

SUBMITTER: Scott FJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4872591 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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An evaluation of Minor Groove Binders as anti-Trypanosoma brucei brucei therapeutics.

Scott Fraser J FJ Khalaf Abedawn I AI Giordani Federica F Wong Pui Ee PE Duffy Sandra S Barrett Michael M Avery Vicky M VM Suckling Colin J CJ

European journal of medicinal chemistry 20160329

A series of 32 structurally diverse MGBs, derived from the natural product distamycin, was evaluated for activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Four compounds have been found to possess significant activity, in the nanomolar range, and represent hits for further optimisation towards novel treatments for Human and Animal African Trypanosomiases. Moreover, SAR indicates that the head group linking moiety is a significant modulator of biological activity. ...[more]

PMID: 27060763

Similar Datasets

Functional and structural analysis of AT-specific minor groove binders that disrupt DNA-protein interactions and cause disintegration of the Trypanosoma brucei kinetoplast.

Project description:Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of sleeping sickness (Human African Trypanosomiasis, HAT), contains a kinetoplast with the mitochondrial DNA (kDNA), comprising of >70% AT base pairs. This has prompted studies of drugs interacting with AT-rich DNA, such as the N-phenylbenzamide bis(2-aminoimidazoline) derivatives 1 [4-((4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)amino)-N-(4-((4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)amino)phenyl)benzamide dihydrochloride] and 2 [N-(3-chloro-4-((4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)amino)phenyl)-4-((4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)amino)benzamide] as potential drugs for HAT. Both compounds show in vitro effects against T. brucei and in vivo curative activity in a mouse model of HAT. The main objective was to identify their cellular target inside the parasite. We were able to demonstrate that the compounds have a clear effect on the S-phase of T. brucei cell cycle by inflicting specific damage on the kinetoplast. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-biosensor experiments show that the drug can displace HMG box-containing proteins essential for kDNA function from their kDNA binding sites. The crystal structure of the complex of the oligonucleotide d[AAATTT]2 with compound 1 solved at 1.25 Å (PDB-ID: 5LIT) shows that the drug covers the minor groove of DNA, displaces bound water and interacts with neighbouring DNA molecules as a cross-linking agent. We conclude that 1 and 2 are powerful trypanocides that act directly on the kinetoplast, a structure unique to the order Kinetoplastida.

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Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel DNA Minor Groove Binders as Antiamoebic Agents.

Project description:The free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii is responsible for the central nervous infection granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and sight-threatening infection Acanthamoeba keratitis. Moreover, no effective treatment is currently present, and a combination drug therapy is used. In this study, twelve DNA minor groove binders (MGBs) were synthesized and tested for their antiamoebic activity via amoebicidal, encystation, excystation, and cytopathogenicity assays. It was found that the compounds MGB3, MGB6, MGB22, MGB24, and MGB16 significantly reduce amoeba viability to 76.20%, 59.45%, 66.5%, 39.32%, and 43.21%, respectively, in amoebicidal assays. Moreover, the compounds MGB6, MGB20, MGB22, MGB28, MGB30, MGB32, and MGB16 significantly inhibit Acanthamoeba cysts, leading to the development of only 46.3%, 39%, 30.3%, 29.6%, 27.8%, 41.5%, and 45.6% cysts. Additionally, the compounds MGB3, MGB4, MGB6, MGB22, MGB24, MGB28, MGB32, and MGB16 significantly reduce the re-emergence of cysts to trophozoites, with viable trophozoites being only 64.3%, 47.3%, 41.4%, 52.9%, 55.4%, 40.6%, 62.1%, and 51.7%. Moreover, the compounds MGB3, MGB4, and MGB6 exhibited the greatest reduction in amoeba-mediated host-cell death, with cell death reduced to 41.5%, 49.4%, and 49.5%. With the following determined, future in vivo studies can be carried out to understand the effect of the compounds on animal models such as mice.

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Project description:Traditional cytotoxic agents which act through a DNA-alkylating mechanism are relatively non-specific, resulting in a small therapeutic window and thus limiting their effectiveness. In this study, we evaluate a panel of 24 non-alkylating Strathclyde Minor Groove Binders (S-MGBs), including 14 novel compounds, for in vitro anti-cancer activity against a human colon carcinoma cell line, a cisplatin-sensitive ovarian cancer cell line and a cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line. A human non-cancerous retinal epithelial cell line was used to measure selectivity of any response. We have identified several S-MGBs with activities comparable to cis-platin and carboplatin, but with better in vitro selectivity indices, particularly S-MGB-4, S-MGB-74 and S-MGB-317. Moreover, a comparison of the cis-platin resistant and cis-platin sensitive ovarian cancer cell lines reveals that our S-MGBs do not show cross resistance with cisplatin or carboplatin and that they likely have a different mechanism of action. Finally, we present an initial investigation into the mechanism of action of one compound from this class, S-MGB-4, demonstrating that neither DNA double strand breaks nor the DNA damage stress sensor protein p53 are induced. This indicates that our S-MGBs are unlikely to act through an alkylating or DNA damage response mechanism.

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Microscopic rearrangement of bound minor groove binders detected by NMR.

Project description:Thermodynamic and structural studies are commonly utilized to optimize small molecules for specific DNA interactions, and, thus, a significant amount of binding data is available. However, the dynamic processes that are involved in minor groove complex formation and maintenance are not fully understood. To help define the processes involved, we have conducted 1D and 2D NMR in conjunction with biosensor-SPR experiments with a variety of compounds and symmetric, as well as asymmetric, AT tract DNA sequences. Surprisingly, the NMR data clearly show exchange between equivalent binding sites for strongly binding compounds like netropsin and DB921 (Ka > 10(8) M(-1)) that does not involve dissociation off the DNA. A quantitative analysis of the data revealed that these bound exchange rates are indeed much faster than the macroscopic dissociation rates which were independently determined by biosensor-SPR. Additionally, we could show the existence of at least two 1:1 compound DNA complexes at the same site for the interaction of these compounds with an asymmetric DNA sequence. To explain this behavior we introduced a model in which the ligand is rapidly flipping between two orientations while in close association with the DNA. The ligand reorientation will contribute favorably to the binding entropy. As the potential of minor groove binders to form more than a single complex with asymmetric, as well as symmetric, duplexes is widely unknown, the consequences for binding thermodynamics and compound design are discussed.

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Modulation of NF-kB-Dependent Gene Transcription Using Programmable DNA Minor Groove Binders

Project description:Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kB) is a transcription factor that regulates various aspects of immune response, cell death and differentiation as well as cancer. In this study we introduce the Py-Im polyamide 1 that binds preferentially to the sequences 5'-WGGWWW-3' and 5' GGGWWW-3'. The compound is capable of binding to kB sites and reducing the expression of various NF-kB driven genes including IL6 and IL8 by qRT-PCR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate a reduction of p65 occupancy within the proximal promoters of those genes. Genome-wide expression analysis by RNA-seq compares the DNA-binding polyamide with the well-characterized NF-kB inhibitor PS1145, identifying overlaps and differences in affected gene groups and showing that both affect comparable numbers of TNFa inducible genes. Inhibition of NF-kB DNA binding via direct displacement of the transcription factor is a potential alternative to the existing antagonists.

2011-12-12 | GSE34329 | GEO

Dissociation of minor groove binders from DNA: insights from metadynamics simulations.

Project description:We have used metadynamics to investigate the mechanism of noncovalent dissociation from DNA by two representatives of alkylating and noncovalent minor groove (MG) binders. The compounds are anthramycin in its anhydrous form (IMI) and distamycin A (DST), which differ in mode of binding, size, flexibility and net charge. This choice enables to evaluate the influence of such factors on the mechanism of dissociation. Dissociation of IMI requires an activation free energy of approximately 12 kcal/mol and occurs via local widening of the MG and loss of contacts between the drug and one DNA strand, along with the insertion of waters in between. The detachment of DST occurs at a larger free energy cost, approximately 16.5 or approximately 18 kcal/mol depending on the binding mode. These values compare well with that of 16.6 kcal/mol extracted from stopped-flow experiments. In contrast to IMI, an intermediate is found in which the ligand is anchored to the DNA through its amidinium tail. From this conformation, binding and unbinding occur almost at the same rate. Comparison between DST and with kinetic models for the dissociation of Hoechst 33258 from DNA uncovers common characteristics across different classes of noncovalent MG ligands.

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Modulation of NF-kB-Dependent Gene Transcription Using Programmable DNA Minor Groove Binders

2011-12-12 | E-GEOD-34329 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Modulation of NF-κB-dependent gene transcription using programmable DNA minor groove binders.

Project description:Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that regulates various aspects of immune response, cell death, and differentiation as well as cancer. In this study we introduce the Py-Im polyamide 1 that binds preferentially to the sequences 5'-WGGWWW-3' and 5'GGGWWW-3'. The compound is capable of binding to κB sites and reducing the expression of various NF-κB-driven genes including IL6 and IL8 by qRT-PCR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate a reduction of p65 occupancy within the proximal promoters of those genes. Genome-wide expression analysis by RNA-seq compares the DNA-binding polyamide with the well-characterized NF-κB inhibitor PS1145, identifies overlaps and differences in affected gene groups, and shows that both affect comparable numbers of TNF-α-inducible genes. Inhibition of NF-κB DNA binding via direct displacement of the transcription factor is a potential alternative to the existing antagonists.

| S-EPMC3268328 | biostudies-literature

Four pyrrole derivatives used as building blocks in the synthesis of minor-groove binders.

Project description:The title nitro-pyrrole-based compounds, C7H8N2O4, (I) (ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxyl-ate), its derivative C12H14N2O4, (II) [ethyl 4-nitro-1-(4-pent-yn-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxyl-ate], C15H26N4O3, (III) {N-[3-(di-methyamino)prop-yl]-1-isopentyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide}, and C20H27N9O5, (IV) {1-(3-azido-prop-yl)-4-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamido)-N-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)eth-yl]-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide}, are inter-mediates used in the synthesis of modified DNA minor-groove binders. In all four compounds, the nitro groups lie in the plane of the pyrrole ring. In compounds (I) and (II), the ester groups also lie in the plane of the pyrrole ring. In compound (III), both of the other substituents lie out of the plane of the pyrrole ring. In the case of compound (IV), the coplanarity extends to the second pyrrole ring and through both amide groups. In the crystals of all four compounds, layer-like structures are formed, via a combination of N-H?O and C-H?O hydrogen bonds for (I), (III) and (IV), but by only C-H?O hydrogen bonds for (II).

| S-EPMC5290577 | biostudies-literature

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