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The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana.


ABSTRACT: Clovis, with its distinctive biface, blade and osseous technologies, is the oldest widespread archaeological complex defined in North America, dating from 11,100 to 10,700 (14)C years before present (bp) (13,000 to 12,600 calendar years?bp). Nearly 50?years of archaeological research point to the Clovis complex as having developed south of the North American ice sheets from an ancestral technology. However, both the origins and the genetic legacy of the people who manufactured Clovis tools remain under debate. It is generally believed that these people ultimately derived from Asia and were directly related to contemporary Native Americans. An alternative, Solutrean, hypothesis posits that the Clovis predecessors emigrated from southwestern Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum. Here we report the genome sequence of a male infant (Anzick-1) recovered from the Anzick burial site in western Montana. The human bones date to 10,705?±?35 (14)C years?bp (approximately 12,707-12,556 calendar years?bp) and were directly associated with Clovis tools. We sequenced the genome to an average depth of 14.4×?and show that the gene flow from the Siberian Upper Palaeolithic Mal'ta population into Native American ancestors is also shared by the Anzick-1 individual and thus happened before 12,600 years?bp. We also show that the Anzick-1 individual is more closely related to all indigenous American populations than to any other group. Our data are compatible with the hypothesis that Anzick-1 belonged to a population directly ancestral to many contemporary Native Americans. Finally, we find evidence of a deep divergence in Native American populations that predates the Anzick-1 individual.

SUBMITTER: Rasmussen M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4878442 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana.

Rasmussen Morten M   Anzick Sarah L SL   Waters Michael R MR   Skoglund Pontus P   DeGiorgio Michael M   Stafford Thomas W TW   Rasmussen Simon S   Moltke Ida I   Albrechtsen Anders A   Doyle Shane M SM   Poznik G David GD   Gudmundsdottir Valborg V   Yadav Rachita R   Malaspinas Anna-Sapfo AS   White Samuel Stockton SS   Allentoft Morten E ME   Cornejo Omar E OE   Tambets Kristiina K   Eriksson Anders A   Heintzman Peter D PD   Karmin Monika M   Korneliussen Thorfinn Sand TS   Meltzer David J DJ   Pierre Tracey L TL   Stenderup Jesper J   Saag Lauri L   Warmuth Vera M VM   Lopes Margarida C MC   Malhi Ripan S RS   Brunak Søren S   Sicheritz-Ponten Thomas T   Barnes Ian I   Collins Matthew M   Orlando Ludovic L   Balloux Francois F   Manica Andrea A   Gupta Ramneek R   Metspalu Mait M   Bustamante Carlos D CD   Jakobsson Mattias M   Nielsen Rasmus R   Willerslev Eske E  

Nature 20140201 7487


Clovis, with its distinctive biface, blade and osseous technologies, is the oldest widespread archaeological complex defined in North America, dating from 11,100 to 10,700 (14)C years before present (bp) (13,000 to 12,600 calendar years bp). Nearly 50 years of archaeological research point to the Clovis complex as having developed south of the North American ice sheets from an ancestral technology. However, both the origins and the genetic legacy of the people who manufactured Clovis tools remai  ...[more]

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