Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

19 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Synthesis of Substituted 2,2'-Dinitrobiphenyls by a Novel Solvent-Free High Yielding Ullmann Coupling Biarylation.

ABSTRACT: Solvent-free reaction using a high-speed ball milling technique has been applied to the classical Ullmann coupling reaction for the first time. Biarylation of 2-iodonitrobenzene was achieved in quantitative yield when performed in a custom-made copper vial through continuous shaking without additional copper or solvent. The product was solid, NMR ready and required no lengthy extraction for purification. This reaction was cleaner, and faster than solution phase coupling which requires longer reaction time in high boiling solvents, added copper catalyst, and lengthy extraction and purification steps. Gram quantities of the biaryl compound were synthesized in larger copper vials. This is a general method that can be used to effectively reduce industrial waste en route to sustainability.

SUBMITTER: Epps A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4880406 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Publications

Synthesis of Substituted 2,2'-Dinitrobiphenyls by a Novel Solvent-Free High Yielding Ullmann Coupling Biarylation.

Epps Ayunna A Barbas John J Mandouma Ghislain G

International journal for innovation education and research 20140101 12

Solvent-free reaction using a high-speed ball milling technique has been applied to the classical Ullmann coupling reaction for the first time. Biarylation of 2-iodonitrobenzene was achieved in quantitative yield when performed in a custom-made copper vial through continuous shaking without additional copper or solvent. The product was solid, NMR ready and required no lengthy extraction for purification. This reaction was cleaner, and faster than solution phase coupling which requires longer rea ...[more]

PMID: 27239564

Similar Datasets

High yielding synthesis of 2,2'-bipyridine macrocycles, versatile intermediates in the synthesis of rotaxanes.

Project description:We present an operationally simple approach to 2,2'-bipyridine macrocycles. Our method uses simple starting materials to produce these previously hard to access rotaxane precursors in remarkable yields (typically >65%) across a range of scales (0.1-5 mmol). All of the macrocycles reported are efficiently converted (>90%) to rotaxanes under AT-CuAAC conditions. With the requisite macrocycles finally available in sufficient quantities, we further demonstrate their long term utility through the first gram-scale synthesis of an AT-CuAAC [2]rotaxane and extend this powerful methodology to produce novel Sauvage-type molecular shuttles.

| S-EPMC6005271 | biostudies-literature

Synthesis of Axially Chiral 2,2'-Bisphosphobiarenes via a Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Ullmann Coupling: General Access to Privileged Chiral Ligands without Optical Resolution.

Project description:We report an asymmetric homocoupling of ortho-(iodo)arylphosphine oxides and ortho-(iodo)arylphosphonates resulting in highly enantioenriched axially chiral bisphosphine oxides and bisphosphonates. These products are readily converted to enantioenriched biaryl bisphosphines without need for chiral auxiliaries or optical resolution. This provides a practical route for the development of previously uninvestigated atroposelective biaryl bisphosphine ligands. The conditions have also proven effective for asymmetric dimerization of other, non-phosphorus-containing aryl halides.

| S-EPMC8173523 | biostudies-literature

Microwave-assisted synthesis of macrocycles via intramolecular and/or bimolecular Ullmann coupling.

Project description:Microwave-assisted synthesis of macrocyclic diaryl ethers via intramolecular and/or bimolecular Ullmann coupling is described. Using the optimized conditions, a panel of macrocycles, with different substitution patterns, ring sizes, and linkers, has been successfully synthesized using microwave irradiation. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first examples of the microwave-assisted synthesis of macrocyclic diaryl ethers via intramolecular and/or bimolecular Ullmann coupling.

| S-EPMC3462461 | biostudies-literature

Synthesis of 1-indolyl-3,5,8-substituted γ-carbolines: one-pot solvent-free protocol and biological evaluation.

Project description:1,5-Disubstituted indole-2-carboxaldehyde derivatives 1a-h and glycine alkyl esters 2a-c are shown to undergo a novel cascade imination-heterocylization in the presence of the organic base DIPEA to provide 1-indolyl-3,5,8-substituted γ-carbolines 3aa-ea in good yields. The γ-carbolines are fluorescent and exhibit anticancer activities against cervical, lung, breast, skin, and kidney cancer cells.

| S-EPMC8218543 | biostudies-literature

An improved procedure for the preparation of Ru(bpz)3(PF6)2 via a high-yielding synthesis of 2,2'-bipyrazine.

Project description:There has been a recent surge of interest in the use of transition metal polypyridyl complexes as visible light-absorbing photocatalysts for synthetic applications. Among the most attractive features of this approach is the availability of many known complexes with well-characterized photophysical and electrochemical properties. In particular, Ru(bpz)3 (2+) is a powerful photooxidant that has proven to be uniquely suited for oxidatively induced photoredox transformations. We present here a straightforward and high-yielding route to Ru(bpz)3(PF6)2 that features an improved Pd-catalyzed synthesis of the 2,2'-bipyrazine ligand that is amenable to gram-scale preparations.

| S-EPMC4311765 | biostudies-literature

Tuning of tetrathiafulvalene properties: versatile synthesis of N-arylated monopyrrolotetrathiafulvalenes via Ullmann-type coupling reactions.

Project description:An Ullmann-type coupling reaction was employed for the preparation of several N-arylated monopyrrolotetrathiafulvalenes with variable substitution patterns. Spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of the coupling products strongly depend on the electronic nature of the aromatic substituents due to their direct conjugation with the tetrathiafulvalene chromophore. The crystal packing of the arylated monopyrrolotetrathiafulvalenes is primarily defined by networks of C-H···X weak hydrogen bonds and short S···S contacts involving the tetrathiafulvalene moieties.

| S-EPMC4464400 | biostudies-literature

Solvent-free synthesis, DNA-topoisomerase II activity and molecular docking study of new asymmetrically N,N'-substituted ureas.

Project description:A new series of asymmetrically N,N'-substituted ureas 20–25 was prepared using solvent free conditions, which is an eco-friendly methodology, starting with Schiff bases derived from cinnamaldehyde and p-substituted anilines, which are subsequently submitted to reduction reactions that afford the corresponding asymmetric secondary amines. All of the intermediates were prepared using solvent free reactions, which were compared to traditional methodologies. All of the reactions required a remarkably short amount of time and provided good yields when solvent free conditions were employed compared to other methodologies. The DNA-topoisomerase II-α (topo II-α) activity was evaluated in relaxation assays, which showed that all of the compounds inhibited the enzyme activity at 10 μM, except for urea 24. Furthermore, a molecular docking study indicated that the compounds 20–25 binding to the topo II-α are able to interact with the same binding site as the anticancer drug etoposide, suggesting that the ureas could inhibit the enzyme by the same mechanism of action observed for etoposide, which prevents re-ligation of the DNA strands.

| S-EPMC6269040 | biostudies-literature

Dioxane dibromide mediated bromination of substituted coumarins under solvent-free conditions.

Project description:An efficient solvent-free protocol for regioselective bromination of substituted coumarins has been developed by using dioxane dibromide as the solid brominating agent. The efficacy of the solvent-free protocol has been established. The effects of the electronic nature and location of the substituents on the outcome of the reaction have been rationalized with a proposed mechanism.

| S-EPMC3302096 | biostudies-literature

Solvent-Free C-3 Coupling of Azaindoles with Cyclic Imines.

Project description:By direct coupling 7-azaindole and cyclic imines, such as 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, 6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine, 3,4-dihydro-β-carboline, and 4,5-dihydro-3H-benz[c]azepine, new 3-substituted 7-azaindole derivatives have been synthesized. The reaction was extended to 4-azaindoles and 6-azaindoles, as electron-rich aromatic compounds. The lowest reactivity was observed in the case of C-3 substitution of 5-azaindole. In this case, the aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction took place by using 10 mol % of p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) as the catalyst. The role of the acid catalyst can be explained by the different pKa values of the azaindoles. All reactions were performed in solvent-free conditions by using both classical heating and microwave irradiation. In all cases, microwave heating proved to be more convenient to synthesize new C-3-substituted azaindole derivatives.

| S-EPMC6803843 | biostudies-literature

Origins of high catalyst loading in copper(i)-catalysed Ullmann-Goldberg C-N coupling reactions.

Project description:A mechanistic investigation of Ullmann-Goldberg reactions using soluble and partially soluble bases led to the identification of various pathways for catalyst deactivation through (i) product inhibition with amine products, (ii) by-product inhibition with inorganic halide salts, and (iii) ligand exchange by soluble carboxylate bases. The reactions using partially soluble inorganic bases showed variable induction periods, which are responsible for the reproducibility issues in these reactions. Surprisingly, more finely milled Cs2CO3 resulted in a longer induction period due to the higher concentration of the deprotonated amine/amide, leading to suppressed catalytic activity. These results have significant implications on future ligand development for the Ullmann-Goldberg reaction and on the solid form of the inorganic base as an important variable with mechanistic ramifications in many catalytic reactions.

| S-EPMC5688446 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data