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Association of Serum Vitamin D with the Risk of Incident Dementia and Subclinical Indices of Brain Aging: The Framingham Heart Study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Identifying nutrition- and lifestyle-based risk factors for cognitive impairment and dementia may aid future primary prevention efforts. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to examine the association of serum vitamin D levels with incident all-cause dementia, clinically characterized Alzheimer's disease (AD), MRI markers of brain aging, and neuropsychological function. METHODS:Framingham Heart Study participants had baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations measured between 1986 and 2001. Vitamin D status was considered both as a continuous variable and dichotomized as deficient (<10?ng/mL), or at the cohort-specific 20th and 80th percentiles. Vitamin D was related to the 9-year risk of incident dementia (n?=?1663), multiple neuropsychological tests (n?=?1291) and MRI markers of brain volume, white matter hyperintensities and silent cerebral infarcts (n?=?1139). RESULTS:In adjusted models, participants with vitamin D deficiency (n?=?104, 8% of the cognitive sample) displayed poorer performance on Trail Making B-A (?=?-0.03 to -0.05±0.02) and the Hooper Visual Organization Test (?=?-0.09 to -0.12±0.05), indicating poorer executive function, processing speed, and visuo-perceptual skills. These associations remained when vitamin D was examined as a continuous variable or dichotomized at the cohort specific 20th percentile. Vitamin D deficiency was also associated with lower hippocampal volumes (?=?-0.01±0.01) but not total brain volume, white matter hyperintensities, or silent brain infarcts. No association was found between vitamin D deficiency and incident all-cause dementia or clinically characterized AD. CONCLUSIONS:In this large community-based sample, low 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with smaller hippocampal volume and poorer neuropsychological function.

SUBMITTER: Karakis I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4911705 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Association of Serum Vitamin D with the Risk of Incident Dementia and Subclinical Indices of Brain Aging: The Framingham Heart Study.

Karakis Ioannis I Pase Matthew P MP Beiser Alexa A Booth Sarah L SL Jacques Paul F PF Rogers Gail G DeCarli Charles C Vasan Ramachandran S RS Wang Thomas J TJ Himali Jayandra J JJ Annweiler Cedric C Seshadri Sudha S

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 20160101 2

<h4>Background</h4>Identifying nutrition- and lifestyle-based risk factors for cognitive impairment and dementia may aid future primary prevention efforts.<h4>Objective</h4>We aimed to examine the association of serum vitamin D levels with incident all-cause dementia, clinically characterized Alzheimer's disease (AD), MRI markers of brain aging, and neuropsychological function.<h4>Methods</h4>Framingham Heart Study participants had baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations meas ...[more]

PMID: 26890771

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Project description:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) is associated with cardiometabolic traits, subclinical atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease, but its specific relations with stroke are unexplored. We related exhaled CO to magnetic resonance imaging measures of subclinical cerebrovascular disease cross-sectionally and to incident stroke/transient ischemic attack prospectively in the Framingham Offspring study. METHODS:We measured exhaled CO in 3313 participants (age 59±10 years; 53% women), and brain magnetic resonance imaging was available in 1982 individuals (age 58±10 years; 54% women). Participants were analyzed according to tertiles of exhaled CO concentration. RESULTS:In age- and sex-adjusted models, the highest tertile of exhaled CO was associated with lower total cerebral brain volumes, higher white-matter hyperintensity volumes, and greater prevalence of silent cerebral infarcts (P<0.05 for all). The results for total cerebral brain volume and white-matter hyperintensity volume were consistent after removing smokers from the sample, and the association with white-matter hyperintensity volume persisted after multivariable adjustment (P=0.04). In prospective analyses (mean follow-up 12.9 years), higher exhaled CO was associated with 67% (second tertile) and 97% (top tertile) increased incidence of stroke/transient ischemic attack relative to the first tertile that served as referent (P<0.01 for both). These results were consistent in nonsmokers and were partially attenuated upon adjustment for vascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS:In this large, community-based sample of individuals without clinical stroke/transient ischemic attack at baseline, higher exhaled CO was associated with a greater burden of subclinical cerebrovascular disease cross-sectionally and with increased risk of stroke/transient ischemic attack prospectively. Further investigation is necessary to explore the biological mechanisms linking elevated CO with stroke.

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Dataset Information

Association of Serum Vitamin D with the Risk of Incident Dementia and Subclinical Indices of Brain Aging: The Framingham Heart Study.

Publications

Association of Serum Vitamin D with the Risk of Incident Dementia and Subclinical Indices of Brain Aging: The Framingham Heart Study.

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