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No effect of caloric restriction or exercise on radiation repair capacity.

ABSTRACT: Maintenance of normal weight and higher levels of physical activity are associated with a reduced risk of several types of cancer. Because genomic instability is regarded as a hallmark of cancer development, one proposed mechanism is improvement of DNA repair function. We investigated links between dietary weight loss, exercise, and strand break rejoining in an ancillary study to a randomized-controlled trial.Overweight/obese postmenopausal women (n = 439) were randomized to the following: a) reduced calorie weight loss diet ("diet," n = 118), b) moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise ("exercise," n = 117), c) a combination ("diet + exercise," n = 117), or d) control (n = 87). The reduced calorie diet had a 10% weight loss goal. The exercise intervention consisted of 45 min of moderate to vigorous aerobic activity 5 d·wk for 12 months. DNA repair capacity was measured in a subset of 226 women at baseline and 12 months from cryopreserved peripheral mononuclear cells using the comet assay. Anthropometric and body composition measures were performed at baseline and 12 months.DNA repair capacity did not change significantly with any of the 12-month interventions compared with control; there were also no significant changes when stratified by changes in body composition or aerobic fitness (V?O2max). At baseline, DNA repair capacity was positively associated with weight, body mass index, and fat mass (r = 0.20, P = 0.003; r = 0.19, P = 0.004; r = 0.13, P = 0.04, respectively) and inversely with lean body mass (r = -0.14, P = 0.04).In conclusion, DNA repair capacity in cryopreserved PBMCs (Comet Assay) did not change with dietary weight loss or exercise interventions in postmenopausal women within a period of 12 months. Other assays that capture different facets of DNA repair function may be needed.

SUBMITTER: Habermann N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4911823 | biostudies-literature | 2015 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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No effect of caloric restriction or exercise on radiation repair capacity.

Habermann Nina N Makar Karen W KW Abbenhardt Clare C Xiao Liren L Wang Ching-Yun CY Utsugi Heidi K HK Alfano Catherine M CM Campbell Kristin L KL Duggan Catherine C Foster-Schubert Karen E KE Mason Caitlin E CE Imayama Ikuyo I Blackburn George L GL Potter John D JD McTiernan Anne A Ulrich Cornelia M CM

Medicine and science in sports and exercise 20150501 5

<h4>Introduction</h4>Maintenance of normal weight and higher levels of physical activity are associated with a reduced risk of several types of cancer. Because genomic instability is regarded as a hallmark of cancer development, one proposed mechanism is improvement of DNA repair function. We investigated links between dietary weight loss, exercise, and strand break rejoining in an ancillary study to a randomized-controlled trial.<h4>Methods</h4>Overweight/obese postmenopausal women (n = 439) we ...[more]

PMID: 25160845

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Project description:UnlabelledThere is a debate over the independent effects of aerobic fitness and body fatness on mortality and disease risks.PurposeTo determine whether a 25% energy deficit that produces equal change in body fatness leads to greater cardiometabolic benefits when aerobic exercise is included.MethodsThirty-six overweight participants (16 males/20 females) (39 +/- 1 yr; 82 +/- 2 kg; body mass index = 27.8 +/- 0.3 kg x m2, mean +/- SEM) were randomized to one of three groups (n = 12 for each) for a 6-month intervention: control (CO, weight-maintenance diet), caloric restriction (CR, 25% reduction in energy intake), or caloric restriction plus aerobic exercise (CR + EX, 12.5% reduction in energy intake plus 12.5% increase in exercise energy expenditure). Food was provided during weeks 1-12 and 22-24. Changes in fat mass, visceral fat, VO2peak (graded treadmill test), muscular strength (isokinetic knee extension/flexion), blood lipids, blood pressure, and insulin sensitivity/secretion were compared.ResultsAs expected, VO2peak was significantly improved after 6 months of intervention in CR + EX only (22 +/- 5% vs 7 +/- 5% in CR and -5 +/- 3% in CO), whereas isokinetic muscular strength did not change. There was no difference in the losses of weight, fat mass, or visceral fat and changes in systolic blood pressure (BP) between the intervention groups. However, only CR + EX had a significant decrease in diastolic BP (-5 +/- 3% vs -2 +/- 2% in CR and -1 +/- 2% in CO), in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (-13 +/- 4% vs -6 +/- 3% in CR and 2 +/- 4% in CO), and a significant increase in insulin sensitivity (66 +/- 22% vs 40 +/- 20% in CR and 1 +/- 11% in CO).ConclusionsDespite similar effect on fat losses, combining CR with exercise increased aerobic fitness in parallel with improved insulin sensitivity, LDL cholesterol, and diastolic BP. The results lend support for inclusion of an exercise component in weight loss programs to improve metabolic fitness.

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No effect of caloric restriction or exercise on radiation repair capacity.

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No effect of caloric restriction or exercise on radiation repair capacity.

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