Dataset Information

Monitoring for bovine arboviruses in the most southwestern islands in Japan between 1994 and 2014.

ABSTRACT: In Japan, epizootic arboviral infections have severely impacted the livestock industry for a long period. Akabane, Aino, Chuzan, bovine ephemeral fever and Ibaraki viruses have repeatedly caused epizootic abnormal births and febrile illness in the cattle population. In addition, Peaton, Sathuperi, Shamonda and D'Aguilar viruses and epizootic hemorrhagic virus serotype 7 have recently emerged in Japan and are also considered to be involved in abnormal births in cattle. The above-mentioned viruses are hypothesized to circulate in tropical and subtropical Asia year round and to be introduced to temperate East Asia by long-distance aerial dispersal of infected vectors. To watch for arbovirus incursion and assess the possibility of its early warning, monitoring for arboviruses was conducted in the Yaeyama Islands, located at the most southwestern area of Japan, between 1994 and 2014.Blood sampling was conducted once a year, in the autumn, in 40 to 60 healthy cattle from the Yaeyama Islands. Blood samples were tested for arboviruses. A total of 33 arboviruses including Akabane, Peaton, Chuzan, D' Aguilar, Bunyip Creek, Batai and epizootic hemorrhagic viruses were isolated from bovine blood samples. Serological surveillance for the bovine arboviruses associated with cattle diseases in young cattle (ages 6-12 months: had only been alive for one summer) clearly showed their frequent incursion into the Yaeyama Islands. In some cases, the arbovirus incursions could be detected in the Yaeyama Islands prior to their spread to mainland Japan.We showed that long-term surveillance in the Yaeyama Islands could estimate the activity of bovine arboviruses in neighboring regions and may provide a useful early warning for likely arbovirus infections in Japan. The findings in this study could contribute to the planning of prevention and control for bovine arbovirus infections in Japan and cooperative efforts among neighboring countries in East Asia.

SUBMITTER: Kato T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4921034 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Monitoring for bovine arboviruses in the most southwestern islands in Japan between 1994 and 2014.

Kato Tomoko T Yanase Tohru T Suzuki Moemi M Katagiri Yoshito Y Ikemiyagi Kazufumi K Takayoshi Katsunori K Shirafuji Hiroaki H Ohashi Seiichi S Yoshida Kazuo K Yamakawa Makoto M Tsuda Tomoyuki T

BMC veterinary research 20160624 1

<h4>Background</h4>In Japan, epizootic arboviral infections have severely impacted the livestock industry for a long period. Akabane, Aino, Chuzan, bovine ephemeral fever and Ibaraki viruses have repeatedly caused epizootic abnormal births and febrile illness in the cattle population. In addition, Peaton, Sathuperi, Shamonda and D'Aguilar viruses and epizootic hemorrhagic virus serotype 7 have recently emerged in Japan and are also considered to be involved in abnormal births in cattle. The abov ...[more]

PMID: 27342576

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Project description:Conventional chromatographic analysis showed that phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) isoenzymes of the venom of Trimeresurus flavoviridis (Habu snake) of Okinawa island are profoundly different in composition from those of T. flavoviridis of Amami-Oshima and Tokunoshima islands. The most striking feature was that myotoxic [Lys(49)]PLA(2) isoenzymes, called BPI and BPII, which are expressed abundantly in the venoms of Amami-Oshima and Tokunoshima T. flavoviridis, are missing from the venom of Okinawa T. flavoviridis. Northern blot analysis of Okinawa T. flavoviridis venom-gland mRNA species showed the absence of BPI and BPII mRNA species. Analysis by single-stranded conformational polymorphism-PCR of venom-gland mRNA species of T. flavoviridis from three islands, with reference to five DNA species each encoding different PLA(2) isoenzymes from Tokunoshima T. flavoviridis venom gland, also suggested that BPI and BPII mRNA species are not expressed in Okinawa T. flavoviridis venom gland. In contrast, genomic Southern blot analysis with a variety of probes showed that only the bands corresponding to the upstream and downstream regions of the genes for BPI and/or BPII can be detected in Okinawa T. flavoviridis. These results suggested that the genes for BPI and BPII in Okinawa T. flavoviridis genome had been inactivated to form pseudogenes. Differently from Amami-Oshima and Tokunoshima T. flavovirdis genomic DNAs, PCR amplification of the segments of BPI and BPII genes between the 5' moiety of second exon and the middle portion of second intron failed for Okinawa T. flavoviridis genomic DNAs. In sequence analysis of the two segments involving polymorphism between BPI and BPII genes, which are located in first exon and third exon, respectively, only one base was detected at the polymorphic positions for pseudogene in Okinawa T. flavoviridis genome. Based on these facts, it became evident for pseudogene that the upstream region of BPI gene down to the 5' moiety of second exon and the downstream region of BPII gene starting from the middle portion of second intron are in a linked form with a possible insertion. Such observations suggest that venom-gland genes for PLA(2) isoenzymes in T. flavoviridis snakes isolated for one to two million years have evolved independently. Their evolution is regional and seems, from several lines of consideration and observation, to be adaptive to the environment.

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Dataset Information

Monitoring for bovine arboviruses in the most southwestern islands in Japan between 1994 and 2014.

Publications

Monitoring for bovine arboviruses in the most southwestern islands in Japan between 1994 and 2014.

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