Pulmonary Infections with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Catalonia, Spain, 1994-2014.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Santin M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6004863 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) cause pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections in susceptible persons. To characterize the epidemiology of skin and soft tissue (SST) and disseminated extrapulmonary infections caused by NTM in the United States, we used a large electronic health record database to examine clinical, demographic, and laboratory data for hospitalized patients with NTM isolated from extrapulmonary sources during 2009-2014. Using all unique inpatients as the denominator, we estimated prevalence and summarized cases by key characteristics. Of 9,196,147 inpatients, 831 had confirmed extrapulmonary NTM. The 6-year prevalence was 11 cases/100,000 inpatients; source-specific prevalence was 4.4 SST infections/100,000 inpatients and 3.7 disseminated infections/100,000 inpatients. NTM species varied across geographic region; rapidly growing NTM were most prevalent in southern states. Infection with Mycobacterium avium complex was more common among patients with concurrent HIV and fungal infection, a relevant finding because treatment is more effective for M. avium complex than for other NTM infections.
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Project description:We measured annual prevalence of microbiologically defined nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in Ontario, Canada. Mycobacterium avium prevalence was 13 cases/100,000 persons in 2020, a 2.5-fold increase from 2010, indicating a large increase in true M. avium lung disease. During the same period, M. xenopi decreased nearly 50%, to 0.84 cases/100,000 persons.
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Project description:BackgroundBloodstream infections (BSI) with rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) resulted in recent nosocomial outbreaks predominantly in immunocompromised patients. A little is known about the clinical implications of RGM BSI with different species.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with RGM BSI from November 2011 to December 2020. Demographic data, clinical presentation, laboratory and radiographic findings and microbiological characteristics were used to tabulate descriptive statistics. We performed a comparative analysis of patients with BSI due to Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) vs. other RGM.ResultsWe identified 32 patients with positive blood cultures for RGM, 4/32 (12.5%) were considered to have unclear significance. The most common source for RGM BSI was intravascular catheters (14/28, 50%). Compared to other sources, patients with catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) received a shorter course of antimicrobial therapy (median [IQR]: one month [0.37-2.25] vs. six months [2-12]), (P = 0.01). The most common species isolated were MABC (12/28, 42.9%), followed by Mycobacterium fortuitum group (6/28, 21.4%) and Mycobacterium chelonae (6/28, 21.4%). Compared to other RGM, MABC BSI was more likely to be secondary to skin and soft tissue infection, associated with longer hospital stay (P = 0.04) and higher death rates despite a higher number of antimicrobial agents used for empirical and directed therapy per patient.ConclusionMABC BSI is associated with an overall more resistant profile, longer hospital stay, and higher death rate despite a more aggressive therapy approach.
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Project description:The NTM Project at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| PRJNA532547 | ENA
Project description:Nontuberculous mycobacteria Metagenome
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Project description:Purpose of review:Non-tuberculous mycobacterial [NTM] infections in the hospital setting are a complex and often challenging entity. The goal of this review is to discuss diagnostic and treatment strategies for established as well as emerging nosocomial NTM infections. Recent findings:NTM outbreaks have been documented in a variety of hospital settings. Contamination of medical devices or aqueous solutions is often implicated in the spread of infection. More recently, the slow grower M. chimaera has been reported in the setting of contaminated heater-cooler devices used for cardiopulmonary bypass and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. In addition, increases in medical tourism for cosmetic surgery have led to outbreaks of rapidly growing mycobacteria. Summary:Diagnosis and treatment of nosocomial NTM pose many challenges for the clinician. Surgical resection or debridement as well as combination antimycobacterial therapy are a mainstay in therapeutic management. Strict infection control and prevention practices are critical to the identification and cessation of outbreaks.
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Project description:Survival implications of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) and NTM pulmonary isolation without disease (NTM-PI) are unclear. To study deaths associated with NTM-PD and NTM-PI and differences in survival between them, we conducted a population-based cohort study of persons with microbiologically defined NTM-PD or NTM-PI diagnosed during 2001-2013 in Ontario, Canada. We used propensity score matching and Cox proportional hazards models to compare survival. Among 9,681 NTM-PD patients and 10,936 NTM-PI patients, 87% and 91%, respectively, were successfully matched with unexposed controls. Both NTM-PD and NTM-PI were associated with higher rates of death for all species combined and for most individual species. Compared with NTM-PI, NTM-PD was associated with higher death rates for all species combined, Mycobacterium avium complex, and M. xenopi. NTM-PD and NTM-PI were significantly associated with death, NTM-PD more so than NTM-PI.
| S-EPMC5382758 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We analyzed samples from 13,652 patients who had respiratory cultures positive for mycobacteria in Taiwan during 2000-2012 and found that 56.9% were positive for nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Whereas annual prevalence of tuberculosis decreased during the study period, prevalence of NTM disease and colonization increased, particularly among older patients and male patients.
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Project description:Genome Sequences and Assembly of Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
| PRJNA944390 | ENA
Project description:BACKGROUND: Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections cause morbidity worldwide. They are difficult to diagnose in resource-limited regions, and most patients receive empiric treatment for tuberculosis (TB). Our objective here is to evaluate the potential impact of NTM diseases among patients treated presumptively for tuberculosis in Mali. METHODS: We re-evaluated sputum specimens among patients newly diagnosed with TB (naïve) and those previously treated for TB disease (chronic cases). Sputum microscopy, culture and Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug susceptibility testing were performed. Identification of strains was performed using molecular probes or sequencing of secA1 and/or 16S rRNA genes. RESULTS: Of 142 patients enrolled, 61 (43%) were clinically classified as chronic cases and 17 (12%) were infected with NTM. Eleven of the 142 (8%) patients had NTM disease alone (8 M. avium, 2 M. simiae and 1 M. palustre). All these 11 were from the chronic TB group, comprising 11/61 (18%) of that group and all were identified as candidates for second line treatment. The remaining 6/17 (35.30%) NTM infected patients had coinfection with M. tuberculosis and all 6 were from the TB treatment naïve group. These 6 were candidates for the standard first line treatment regimen of TB. M. avium was identified in 11 of the 142 (8%) patients, only 3/11 (27.27%) of whom were HIV positive. CONCLUSIONS: NTM infections should be considered a cause of morbidity in TB endemic environments especially when managing chronic TB cases to limit morbidity and provide appropriate treatment.
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